Ultra-vacuum components and systems G. Riddone on behalf of the WP12 (WP leader: V. Baglin) 22nd May 2017

Introduction to HL-LHC project and Plan Content Introduction to HL-LHC project and Plan Cryogenic Temperature sectors of the LSSs Room Temperature sectors of the LSSs Controls & Robotics for Vacuum Summary This talk presents the general overview, extra slides are added at the end to provide additional technical details G. Riddone

Introduction: vacuum in accelerators vacuum to reduce interactions with residual gas molecules in the beam pipes maximise beam life-time (100 h: 110-8 mbar) minimise background noise to the experiments (110-11 mbar) The HL-LHC vacuum system is made of: Cryogenic Temperature Insulation vacuum Room Temperature beam vacuum Cryogenic temperature beam vacuum Experimental beam vacuum Systems under TE-VSC group responsibility:  Design, construction, installation and operation CERN : 120 km of vacuum vessels, of which 100 km in LHC alone 4x 23 km of LHC are cold (1.9 or 4.5 K): 2 beam pipes + 2 insulation volumes (magn + QRL) 2x 4 km of LHC are at Room Temperature (RT) : 1 or 2 beam pipes + no insulation G. Riddone

Introduction: HL-LHC HL-LHC will need modifications / upgrades on significant portions (>1.2 km) of LHC vacuum New Beam Screens (shielded, non-shielded) New a-C coating of Beam Screens New layout: modifications in all the 8 Long Straight Sections (LSS) /no changes in the 8 ARC sections completely new accelerator layout near ATLAS & CMS (LSS1 & LSS5) new interconnects & cold-warm transitions increased magnet aperture (new beam pipes) HL-LHC Present IT NC D1 IT Quads. w/ Nb3Sn SC D1 IT Quads.& D1 Corrector Package Q1 Q2a Q2b Q3 These activities will mainly occur during the 2 Long Shutdown (LS2 and LS3) G. Riddone

Beam Screens non shielded LHC HL-LHC plan Beam Screens non shielded aC coating Beam Screens shielded Layout Many components need to be designed, procured and installed. Two long shut-down periods (LS2 and LS3): LS2 : 2019 – 2020, preparation is NOW LS3 : 2024 – mid 2026, major activities G. Riddone

Content Introduction to HL-LHC project and Plan Cryogenic Temperature sectors of the LSSs New beam screens (BS) New vacuum interconnections aC coating of BS Room Temperature sectors of the LSSs Controls & Robotics for Vacuum Summary LS2 LS3 LS2 LS3 LS2 G. Riddone

New BS for HiLumi Design is under finalisation LS2 (2019-2020): consolidation of the beam screens in LSS2 and LSS8: production and in-situ treatment (a-C coating) LS3 (2024-2026): new beam screens in LSS1 and LSS5 Design is under finalisation Different shapes and several apertures Tungsten allow shielding Stainless steel cooling tubes Cu colaminated, perforated P506 beam screen Amorphous-Carbon (a-C) coating (100 nm) Assembly of the beam screen Racetrack Octagonal G. Riddone

Beam pipe interconnects Design done and successfully tested Similar or different diameter or shape (aperture matching) Dedicated Plug-in Modules to assure RF screening and low impedance: Cu plated stainless steel Connections for different temperature (Cold-Warm Transition) Can house BPM A typical LHC interconnection CW transition About 50 new interconnections are needed 20 @ LS2 30 @ LS3 About 60 CW transitions are needed 20 @ LS2 40 @ LS3 Q1 beam screen / cold bore assembly G. Riddone

New a-C coating of BS to limit the development of electron clouds coating technology and methodology defined In-situ: modular sputtering source being developed: inserted in a 15 cm slot, and travel inside BS along 45 m for LSS2 and LSS8 aC-coating setup 10 meters LS2 (2019 – 2020) in-situ a-C coating (for LSS2, LSS8) , because magnets will not be replaced start production of Beam Screens (for LSS1, LSS5) G. Riddone

Content Introduction to HL-LHC project and Plan Cryogenic Temperature sectors of the LSSs Room Temperature sectors of the LSSs Warm modules Vacuum chambers Instrumentation Controls & Robotics for Vacuum Summary LS2 LS3 G. Riddone

Room temperature vacuum system ~ 6 km length Bake-able vacuum system Relies on TiZrV getter film pumping after activation at ~ 200°C “Combined” sector in both side of each experiment Both beams circulates in the same beam pipe “Twin” sector Beams circulate in different beam pipes G. Riddone

Layout modifications Long Straight Section 1&5 (1 km) LS3 will be completely new LS3 Needed dedicated vacuum chambers with supports, warm modules, bellows, UHV flanges, bake-out equipment,… Long Straight Section 8 Installation of a mask (TANB) to protect the D2 cold mass. LS2 G. Riddone

Quantity for cryo and RT sector components LS2 LS3 Total Shielded Beam Screen 40 Non-shielded Beam Screen 30 15 45 Vacuum bellows 25 211 236 Vacuum chamber 65 80 Vacuum supports 130 160 Vacuum bakeout jackets 20 180 200 Vacuum flanges 600 680 Sector valves 8 52 60 Vacuum gauges 56 Vacuum seals 50 250 300 Vacuum pumps 10 Vacuum collars 120 150 Vacuum valves G. Riddone

Introduction to HL-LHC project and Plan Content Introduction to HL-LHC project and Plan Cryogenic Temperature sectors of the LSSs Room Temperature sectors of the LSSs Controls & Robotics for Vacuum Summary LS2 LS3 G. Riddone

Controls Redesign of some electronics (front-end & controllers) Adding new instruments/devices (remotely controlled and interlocked) Evolution of software frameworks (DB, PLC, SCADA) Preliminary estimation for HL-LHC Component Quantity Sputter Ion Pump controller 60 Sector Valve controller Interlock Penning/Pirani gauge (LSS) controller 70 Penning/Pirani/Piezo gauge (ARC) contr. 850 Mini-racks (ARC) 130 Fixed Pumping group controller 10 Euro crates 300 PLCs 150 Long cables and connectors 280 LS3 G. Riddone

Robotics The level of radioactivity from activated materials will require new tools for remote manipulation, enhanced reality, supervision  to minimize the radiation doses for people, during interventions, when replacing/servicing collimators, magnets, vacuum components, instruments, cables, etc, Vacuum modules: robot for the bellows compression to remove the collimator LS3 Laser Engineered Surface Structures (LESS) : robot for in-situ thermal treatment (CERN, STFC, Un. of Dundee Collaboration) LS2 G. Riddone

Introduction to HL-LHC project and Plan Content Introduction to HL-LHC project and Plan Cryogenic Temperature sectors of the LSSs Room Temperature sectors of the LSSs Controls & Robotics for Vacuum Summary G. Riddone

Summary HL Make or Buy WP12 Brochure Ongoing studies a-C coating, design of beam screens, interconnects, cold warm transitions, vacuum layout Cryogenic temperature vacuum system Design underway Prototyping started Procurement from 20172017 Room temperature vacuum system Design initiated Procurement to start by 2018-19 Will need raw materials (W alloy, Al alloy, SS, …) cold bores beam screen punching, forming and welding bakeout systems machining and assembly of UHV components bellows for UHV vacuum chambers and their supports electronics & controllers Shielded beam screen: - Full scale prototype – Q3/2018 Interconnect: - CW Transition prototype: Q1 2018 Finalisation of layout : mid 2018 Cold bore machining from 2018 First beam screen tube 2018 https://edms.cern.ch/document/1748379/1.1 HL Make or Buy WP12 Brochure G. Riddone

Thanks for your attention Later in the day we will be glad to: discuss technical details with you help you identifying common interests G. Riddone

Slides with additional technical details G. Riddone

LHC Dipole Vacuum System Cold bore (CB) at 1.9 K which ensures leak tightness Beam screen (BS) at 5-20 K which intercepts thermal loads and acts as a screen G. Riddone

Current LHC BS Perforated BS at a controlled temperature of 5-20 K to: intercept the heat induced by the beam (synchrotron radiation + electron cloud) before it reaches the beam pipe (@1.9 K) intercept the particles produced by the beam (ions, electrons, photons etc.) before they provoke molecular desorption from the beam pipe wall to allow pumping of residual molecules into the wall of the beam pipe racetrack shape made of P506 non-magnetic stainless steel with copper co-lamination (80 mm), on the inner surface, for reduced electrical impedance BS are not needed in Room Temperature beam pipes; which must be bakeable Different apertures G. Riddone

New BS design for HILUMI 40 cm absorber blocks of Tungsten (Inermet-180), 6 or 16 mm thick needed to shield the magnet coils, by intercepting particle debris produced by the experiments 4 cooling tubes stainless steel (40-60 K) for each quadrupole magnet : 10 m, 500 kg Tungsten blocks Cooling tubes Perforated Cu colaminated tube Thermal links Elastic supporting system G. Riddone

New BS for HiLumi Design is under finalisation LS2 (2019-2020): consolidation of the beam screens in Long Straight Section (LSS) 2 and LSS8: production and in-situ treatment (a-C coating) LS3 (2024-2026): new beam screens in LSS1 and 5 Design is under finalisation Octagonal or racetrack shape ~ 500 kg / quadrupole > 10 m long Several apertures Tungsten allow shielding Stainless steel cooling tubes (x4) at 40-60K Cu colaminated perforated P506 beam screen Amorphous-Carbon (a-C) coating (100 nm) Withstand cumulated radiation 1108 Gy New laser welding tool at CERN Octagonal Racetrack BS end finishing parts Cu colaminated Electron shield LHC BS welding G. Riddone

Beam pipe interconnects Between beam pipes of consecutive cold masses Similar or different diameter or shape (aperture matching) Dedicated Plug-in Modules to assure RF screening and low impedance: Cu plated stainless steel Plug-In module Sliding point Fixed point Interconnect A typical LHC interconnection About 50 new interconnections are needed 20 @ LS2 30 @ LS3 Q1 beam screen / cold bore assembly G. Riddone A typical LHC interconnection

Beam pipe interconnects Q1 CW transition Connections for different temperature (Cold-Warm Transition) Some interconnects have to house Beam-Position Monitors buttons Many interconnects, comprising cryo-elements (BS, plug-in modules, CW Transitions, BPM body) Prototypes : 2016-17 Procurement : 2017-19 Assembly : 2018-22 CW transition LHC CW transition About 60 CW transitions are needed 20 @ LS2 40 @ LS3 G. Riddone

Warm Modules Vacuum chambers Cu, Stainless steel Cu plated Modular system: ~ 1800 in the LHC ring Bellow shielding to optimise beam impedance RF bridge with several shapes (circular/elliptical) Ag coated CuBe fingers Rh coated insert Allow thermal expansion during bakeout (+/- 20 mm stroke) Can accommodate instrumentation ports Cu, Stainless steel Cu plated Circular, elliptical, transitions Specific chambers e.g. Y chamber Various ID diameters: 80, 91, 212.7, 250 mm NEG coated at CERN Including chambers supports G. Riddone

Bake-out System Mobile and permanent system Collars Thermocouples Bake-out jackets Bake-out racks Heating tapes G. Riddone

Sectorisation Assembly Remotely controlled & interlocked sector valves Compact & Instrumented G. Riddone

Instrumentation Vacuum gauges Turbomolecular pumps Ion pumps NEG cartridges “Magic Box” … “Magic Box” for diagnostic Ion pump modules Instrumentation & roughing module Mobile Pumping Group G. Riddone

Controls Preliminary estimation for HL-LHC Redesign of some electronics (front-end & controllers) for Improved availability / measurement accuracy Extended dynamic range Radiation tolerance Obsolescence Adding new instruments (devices) implies: more readout, control, and interlocks Evolution of software frameworks (DB, PLC, SCADA) Implementation of methods and tools: improving efficiency of intervention/repair and machine availability Preliminary estimation for HL-LHC Component Quantity Sputter Ion Pump controller 60 Sector Valve controller Interlock Penning/Pirani gauge (LSS) controller 70 Penning/Pirani/Piezo gauge (ARC) contr. 850 Mini-racks (ARC) 130 Fixed Pumping group controller 10 Euro crates 300 PLCs 150 Long cables and connectors 280 G. Riddone

Robotics the level of radioactivity from activated materials, in the accelerators, will require new tools for remote manipulation, enhanced reality, supervision, in order to minimize the radiation doses for people, during interventions, when replacing/servicing collimators, magnets, vacuum components, instruments, cables, etc, Several developments will need R&D collaborations, manufacture, etc Vacuum modules Surface treatment (next slide) Robot allowing for the bellows compression to remove the collimator G. Riddone

Laser Engineered Surface Structures (LESS) for in-situ surface treatment CERN in collaboration with the University of Dundee and STFC is working on the LESS project as a solution for in-situ inner triplet beam screen treatment to mitigate electron cloud effects. Treatment will be done by a robot inserted in 15-cm long opening, containing a precise optical system with laser beam delivered by an optical fibre. Surface after treatment Body of the robot Robot design by STFC Procurement by CERN (few robot units): small size and very precise stepper motors, robot arms, body and wheels chain to conduct the optical fibre interferometer for precise robot positioning LESS treatment by Un. Dundee 15 cm Procurement from 2017  Needed for LS2 G. Riddone