Earth’s Water Sources Earth is a water planet. Living things on Earth need clean water to survive. Water covers more than 70% (¾) of Earth’s surface. Most of Earth’s water is salt water – found in the seas and oceans. http://youtu.be/nSENolWbyYQ intro to water 4 min   *** http://youtu.be/zNdbj3PbX6o water facts 3 min

Earth’s Water Sources ONLY 3% of Earth’s water is freshwater. Most of Earth’s freshwater is frozen in the polar caps. The Arctic Ocean (North Pole) is covered in ice. Ice covers the continent of Antarctica (South Pole). Groundwater 29% - 1/3 Frozen

Earth’s Water Sources Glacier – a huge sheet of ice that moves slowly over land Frozen freshwater Gravity cause glaciers to flow downward. http://youtu.be/tM3x6_vb8_s 3 min

Earth’s Water Sources Groundwater – water located below Earth’s surface Of the freshwater on Earth, ⅓ of it is groundwater. Groundwater collects as surface water which then moves down through the soil and collects in spaces between rocks. Groundwater 29% - 1/3

Earth’s Water Sources Aquifer – is a rock layer that collects and stores water – an underground lake. People dig wells to bring this water to the surface. The Florida Aquifer is in danger of running out of water due to overuse and pollution.

Earth’s Water Sources The water table is the upper surface of underground water.

Earth’s Water Sources Water that collects above ground is surface water. Surface water is located in rivers, streams, lakes and wetlands.

Earth’s Water Sources Surface water also includes runoff. Runoff is water from rain and melted snow that flows over land into streams and rivers because of gravity.

Watershed A watershed is an area of land that is drained by a river or lake. Watersheds are sometimes called a river basin - (large shallow dish). We live in the Upper Hiwassee Watershed. The headwaters of the Hiwassee River begin in the mountains of northern Georgia and flow through North Carolina before veering west into Tennessee to join the waters of the Tennessee River. The entire Hiwassee River basin drains 2,700 square miles of land, much of which lies in the Chattahoochee (Georgia), Nantahala (North Carolina), and Cherokee (Tennessee) National Forests. http://youtu.be/PazndNOcXPQ watershed  3 min http://youtu.be/f63pwrMXkV4 watershed 1 min

How Humans Use Water People depend on freshwater. The most common use of fresh water in the USA is irrigation. Irrigation is the use of artificial methods to supply water to plants – mostly food crops & lawns. Irrigation

How Humans Use Water Of all the freshwater humans use, 10% is for household use. Turn off the water while brushing your teeth. Run your clothes washer and dishwasher when they are full. Shorten your shower by a minute or two and you'll save up to 150 gallons per month. Collect water from your roof to water your garden. Choose one glass for your drinking water each day or refill a water bottle. This will cut down on the number of glasses to wash.

How Humans Use Water People continue to make changes to the land in order to get access to and use water. Building dams, draining wetlands, changing the course of a river, and over using water have damaged natural ecosystems.

How Humans Use Water Waterways are used as dumps for industrial wastes and sewage. When it rains, fertilizers and other chemicals used on lawns and farms are washed off the land. Pollution can destroy a source of fresh drinking water.

How Humans Use Water Mississippi River The 3rd longest River – 2, 530 miles The 4th largest watershed in the world. Includes 31 US states and Canada The river’s water is used for irrigation, drinking, & transportation.

The Water Cycle The water cycle is the continuous movement of water between Earth’ s surface (land & oceans) and its atmosphere. The movement of water is essential to life on Earth. Three main stages to the water cycle – evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. http://youtu.be/i3NeMVBcXXU water cycle rap song 3 min http://youtu.be/Yw275056JtA water cycle song 1.2 min

The Water Cycle Water is found not only in oceans, rivers, lakes and underground, but also in the atmosphere. In our atmosphere, it exists as a GAS. Plays a major role in climate and weather. http://youtu.be/lfMibeUlxLY water cycle  3  min  

Stage ONE - Evaporation The Water Cycle Stage ONE - Evaporation Without the Sun’s energy, the water cycle would not work. HEAT causes water to change from a liquid to gas – water vapor. The change of a liquid to a gas is called evaporation. Evaporation moves water from Earth’s surface into the atmosphere.

The Water Cycle - Evaporation Plants play a part in the water cycle. Plants pull water up through their roots into their stems and leaves. Plants also release water vapor into the air through tiny openings in their leaves. This process is called transpiration. Transpiration moves water from Earth’s surface into the atmosphere.

The Water Cycle - Evaporation Evaporation and transpiration move water from Earth’s surface into the atmosphere.

Stage TWO - Condensation The Water Cycle http://youtu.be/hehXEYkDq_Y condensation  3min Stage TWO - Condensation When water vapor in the air changes back into liquid water, this starts the second stage of the water cycle. The change of gas to a liquid is called condensation. Condensation occurs when water vapor COOLS.

The Water Cycle - Condensation When water vapor condenses low in the atmosphere, near the ground, fog is produced. When condensation occurs higher in the atmosphere, the tiny droplets of liquid form clouds. Clouds carry large amounts of water from one place to another.

Stage Three - Precipitation The Water Cycle Stage Three - Precipitation Precipitation is liquid water that falls back to Earth’s surface in the form of rain, sleet, hail or snow. http://youtu.be/-XvT4F2Fer4 6 min

The Water Cycle - Precipitation Water droplets in clouds combine to form larger droplets. When the drops become too heavy and too large to stay suspended, they rain down on the Earth’s surface. GRAVITY pulls precipitation to Earth.

The Water Cycle Surface water eventually flows into the oceans. The Sun’s energy causes water to evaporate from the ocean, lakes, rivers and land and then the process begins again.

http://youtu.be/gHlS6BWeaVw world water day 2012 – 4 min http://youtu.be/BCHhwxvQqxg 3 ½ min water – facts Chapters 11, 12 & 16 – Earth’s Water and the Water Cycle PowerPoint Presentation Created by M. Brumbaugh TCMS - 2012