Culture and Ethnography

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Presentation transcript:

Culture and Ethnography April 8 & 11, 2005

Culture Is . . . Learned (Enculturation) Shared Symbolic Taken for Granted All-Encompassing Actively Used If human life is a game, culture is the rules to the game. Process of learning and teaching culture is called enculturation. Have you pissed off your parents on purpose?

Definitions of Culture “Knowledge, belief, arts, morals, law, custom and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as member of society.” “A system of symbols and classifications for interpreting the world.” Note about relationship between individual and society.

Definitions of Culture Stories we tell ourselves about ourselves. That which keeps us from being as bad as we are capable of being. Who are we and where do we come from? Why are we here? War of all against all—it benefits everyone if we follow the rules. In the beginning comes next

Culture is made up of… Identity Race Ethnicity Class Religion Language Gender Sexuality Politics Economics Nationality Subsistence Government Education Family Units Too Many Others…

How do we study culture: Method Participant Observation Conversation/Interviews Surveys Life Histories Genealogies Problem-oriented Longitudinal

How do we study culture: Method Induction: deriving general principles from particular facts or instances. Opposite of scientific method What does it mean to be human? Use particular information to derive transferable insights into different circumstances.

Participant Observation

How do we study culture: Theory Functionalism: how cultures function Structuralism: basic underlying structures of human mind Poststructuralism/Postmodernism

Functionalism Malinowski: Kula Ring Ritualized reciprocity Change; Disruption; Agency

Structuralism Claude Levi-Strauss Basic Mental Structures: Binary Oppositions Genealogy; Marriage; Kinship Myth; Music; Art Time; Agency

Structuralism

Poststructuralism No pretense of holism or objectivity Deconstruction, textual analysis Impossible to step outside culture to view it objectively

How do we study culture: Ethics Institutional Review Protect consultants Informed Consent Preservation Publish Advocacy

How do we write about culture? Ethnographic Realism “to grasp the native’s point of view, his relation to life, to realize his vision of his world”

How do we write about culture? Interpretive Anthropology: Cultures are meaningful “texts” that natives constantly “read” Ethnographers must decipher the text Wink or Blink?

How do we write about culture? Experimental Ethnography All peoples and cultures have already been discovered We must write about them in historical contexts (Mama Lola in Brooklyn) Work of art and science Dialogic, creative exercise

How do we write about culture? Ethnographic Realism Impossible to achieve Interpretive Anthropology Valuable, but limited Experimental Ethnography Fact or fiction? Neither? Both?

How do we write about culture? Time and tense: Ethnographic Present Romanticized Frozen in time Past tense