History of Photography (Take notes of UNDERLINED material!)

What does photography mean? Photography is Greek for Light Drawing

Camera Obscura – Latin for Dark Room The first camera Camera Obscura – Latin for Dark Room A room or box with a hole that lets light in, the light strikes a surface where a compressed image is shown.

Vermeer 1666 Rembrandt 1665

Getting an image onto a surface -In about 1717, John Heinrich Schulze experimented with materials in relation with sunlight to preserve images. -He made a substance called Silver Nitrate that would darken upon exposure to light.

Using camera obscura with silver nitrate -In 1826, Nicephore Niepce (the father of photography) took the first permanent photograph: “View from the Window at Le Gras” -Exposure took 8 Hours and the image faded over time. -Left: original –Right: enhanced version

Advancements in Photo -In the mid-1830s, Louis Jacques-Mande Daguerre refined Niepce’s process and made the first Daguerreotype. -Using a thin silver-plated copper sheet and silver salt, it created a light sensitive surface. The plate was placed in a camera, and was exposed to light, making a photograph. -Required only 30 minutes of exposure -Could not be duplicated

-In 1838, Daguerre took a photo of the Paris street “Boulevard du Temple.” -The exposure took 10 minutes, leaving no image of moving people, only a man getting his shoes shined. -First photograph of a person.

Calotype -William Henry Talbot used a different variation of silver salts and a developing agent to create a translucent image, now known as a Negative. -Negatives could be used to create multiple prints -Not as sharp of an image as Daguerreotype. -Image: Latticed Window at Lacock Abbey – August 1835 (oldest known negative)

The Official birth of photography -Recognizing the processes developed by both Daguerre and Talbot, The French Academy of Science marked January 9th, 1839 as the day Photography was invented.

More advancements in photography -Frederich Scott Archer in 1851, invented the Collodion Process, in which images required only 2-3 seconds of light exposure. -James Clerk Maxwell in 1861, created the First Color Photo by using three images that each passed through a different color: Red, Green, and Blue

Photography and science -In 1872, the governor of California commissioned Eadweard Muybridge to study horses and find out if there is a point in running, where no feet are touching the ground, because the human eye couldn’t tell. -Muybridge set up 12 cameras to take sequential photos. -It was found that there is a moment where no feet are touching the ground.

Mass Distribution -Kodak: -In 1888 they began production and selling of rolls of film. -In 1900 they released the first mass marketed camera, The Brownie. -In 1913/1914 (they can’t decide which), the 35mm camera was released.

More companies want in on photography In 1927, General Electric released the first flash bulb, which could only be used once. In 1948, Edwin Land created the Polaroid camera, with the instant film following in 1963. In 1978, Chinese company Konica released the first auto focus point and shoot camera.

Digital -In 1969, George Smith and Willard Boyle were trying to create a new kind of semiconductor at AT&T Bell Labs. They instead created the first CCD – Charged-Coupled Device, which is the heart of all digital cameras and takes and image and converts it into digital information. -In 1988, Thomas Knoll created Photoshop, a software for image processing and editing.

The big difference between a film and digital camera is the way they capture the image.

Pixels are small dots that when combined they form and images There are 1,000,000 pixels in a megapixel