DNA Structure and Replication Review! Test - Multiple Choice, Matching, Short Answer

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid What does DNA stand for? DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

What is the sugar named in DNA? DEOXYRIBOSE 5-Carbon sugar

In the DNA Double Helix, the sugar is bonded to what molecule? Phosphate group

Follow up question – what is the bond that holds the sugar and phosphate together?!? Covalent bonds

Phosphate and sugar are bonded together Phosphate and sugar are bonded together. What is then bonded to the sugar molecule? Nitrogenous Base

Name the 4 nitrogenous bases. Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine

The nitrogenous bases are bonded together by what type of bond The nitrogenous bases are bonded together by what type of bond? This holds the 2 strands together. Hydrogen bond

Tell me the difference. Purine Pyrimidine

Tell me the difference. Purine Adenine Guanine 2 Ring Structure Pyrimidine Thymine Cytosine 1 Ring Structure

What nitrogenous bases pair together? Adenine – Thymine Guanine – Cytosine Purine – Pyrimidines!!

This scientist used X-ray diffraction to find information about DNA This scientist used X-ray diffraction to find information about DNA. Found that DNA is in the shape of a helix or a coiled spring. Rosalind Franklin

James Watson & Francis Crick DNA is in the shape of a double helix (twisted ladder). These Scientists realized that the double helix accounted for Franklin’s X-ray pattern, and it explained Chargaff’s rule of base pairing and how the 2 strands of DNA are held together. This 3D model can even tell us how DNA can function as a carrier of genetic information James Watson & Francis Crick

Define Chargaff’s Rule the amounts of adenine and thymine are almost always equal, as are the amounts of guanine and cytosine.

Fill in the chart! Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine % of Each Base Pair 38%

Fill in the chart! Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine % of Each Base Pair 12% 38% Automatically you should know that Cytosine will be the same as Guanine. 38+38 = 76% 100-76= 24 Adenine and Thymine = 24 Total 24/2 = 12% each

Tell me the general steps of DNA Replication

1 DNA Unwinds and Unzips Helix unwinds and 2 DNA strands separate at the Hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases 2 DNA Polyermase helps to link free floating DNA nucleotides with complimentary nucleotides on each of the two strands 3 Covalent bonds join nucleotides above and below each other on the new strands. Hydrogen bonds join complimentary base pairs 4 Each new DNA MOLECULE formed contains One parent strand and a new strand

What ENZYME is present in the first step of DNA replication DNA HELICASE! HINT – THINK STRUCTURE – HELIX (UNWIND & UNZIP)

What ENZYME is present to bring free nucleotides to the form the new strand of DNA . DNA polymerase

What are the two strands referred to as in the process of Replication? Parent Strand (original) New Strand (copied)

What happens when an error is made in the replication process? MUTATION

DONE! Study Note Packet HW Packet Feb Break Assignment