1. Take 5- 11/3/11 What is DNA? Why is it important to you?
What organisms have DNA?

2. Take 5 – 10/21/10 DNA determines an organisms ______________.
What does DNA stand for?
DNA is the blueprint to making _____________.
The structure of DNA is a ___________ ___________.

3. Take 5 The backbone of a DNA molecule is made of which two components?
The two purine bases are _____________.
Name the nitrogenous bases that are complementary to this nucleotide sequence:
A T T C G G T A T C
Watson and Crick were the first to suggest that DNA is _______________________.
Phosphate groups and deoxyribose sugar
Guanine and Adenine
T A A G C C A T A G
Double helix

4. Take 5: /4/11
Watson and Crick’s discovery was based on the x-ray crystallography work of which scientist?
During DNA replication, what enzyme adds complementary bases?
The two purine bases are _____________.

5. DNA NOTES
Chapter 11

6. Deoxyribonucleic acid
What does DNA stand for?
__________________________
DNA is made up of single units (building blocks) called ______________
Deoxyribonucleic acid
nucleotides

7. What is DNA? DNA contains _______, which make us who we are
DNA is a set of ______________________________________________
DNA contains _______, which make us who we are
instructions found in
every cell.
genes

8. Who do you think James Watson and Francis Crick are?
They _____________________
___________________________
won a Nobel Prize
for their work figuring out
the structure of DNA

9. Watson & Crick

10. Also, the discovery of its shape was made with help of Rosalind Franklin, a person who used x-ray crystallography to photograph DNA.

11. DNA is made up of four nitrogenous bases:
_______________
Adenine (A)
Change this in your notes
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)

12. A nucleotide is composed of three parts phosphate deoxyribose (sugar)
_______________________
phosphate
deoxyribose (sugar)
Nitrogenous base

14. Two of the nitrogenous bases are ___________ and two nitrogenous bases are ______________
The two pyrimidine bases are _____________ & ______________.
The two purine bases are _____________ & _____________.
purines
pyrimidines
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Adenine (A)

16. Pyramids
CT (Connecticut)
Pyrmidine
Cytosine
Thymine

17. A GA (Georgia) Peach
is innocent and PURE
Purine
Guanine
Adenine

18. Purines always pair up with pyrimidines!

19. DNA is shaped like a twisted ladder also called a ____________
double helix

20. The rungs of the ladder are the __________________.
The sides of the ladder are the ____________________.
nitrogenous bases
sugars & phosphates

21. Deoxyribose:
Phosphate Group:
Nitrogenous Bases:
Adenine:
Thymine:
Guanine:
Cytosine:

22. There are different types of bonds holding DNA together.
The bonds between the phosphates and sugar are _________________________
strong covalent bonds

24. The bonds between the nitrogenous bases are _________________________
Between Adenine and Thymine there is a __________________
Between Guanine and Cytosine there is a ______________
weak hydrogen bonds
double bond
triple bond

26. Where is DNA found in a eukaryotic cell? _________________________
Where is DNA found in a prokaryotic cell?____________ _________________________
inside the nucleus
floating
free in the cytoplasm

27. What is DNA REPLICATION?
Why does it occur?
________________________________________________________________________________________
This is how DNA copies
itself when cells are going
to divide or if the DNA is
damaged.

28. DNA REPLICATION

29. Explain semi-conservative replication:
_________________________________________________________________
2 strands separate,
each one becomes 1/2 of
the new double helix

30. one we use

31. Base pairing is easy to remember because: ____________________
A bonds with T
C bonds with G
A-T
C-G

32. Purines always pair up with pyrimidines!

33. What is a replication fork? __________________________________________
the initial point of
separation

34. It splits like a fork

35. free nucleotides to the
DNA Helicase is an ____________________________________________
DNA Polymerase is an __________________________________________________________________
enzyme that unwinds &
unzips DNA
enzyme that attaches
free nucleotides to the
growing new strand

37. the opposite strand is 5' to 3'
Define Antiparallel Chains:
one strand of DNA is 3' to 5'
the opposite strand is 5' to 3'

38. Antiparallel

39. Describe the process of “SEMI-CONSERVATIVE DNA REPLICATION”
____________________________________________
DNA Helicase uncoils 1.
the DNA strand

40. ________________________________________
Describe the process of “SEMI-CONSERVATIVE DNA REPLICATION”
________________________________________ 2.
The H+ bonds between
the N-bases break

41. Describe the process of “SEMI-CONSERVATIVE DNA REPLICATION”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DNA Polymerase 3.
attaches floating
nucleotides to the
exposed parent strand
until a complementary
strand is completed

42. ____________________
Describe the process of “SEMI-CONSERVATIVE DNA REPLICATION”
____________________
DNA recoils 4.