KS4 Energy resources

Sources of energy What are the sources for most of the energy on Earth? 1. The vast majority of the energy resources on Earth can trace their energy back to the Sun. 2. The Moon is another source of energy. 3. Radioactive elements made in Supernova explosions are another source of energy.

Types of energy resource There are two types of energy resource: ____________ Renewable Non-renewable Renewable energy resources will never run out (at least not for a very long time), or can be regenerated. Examples: W___ and S___. ind olar Non-renewable energy resources will eventually run out, once used they can not be used again. Examples: C___ and O_. oal il

Energy resources Renewable Non-renewable Wind Coal Solar Oil Wave Natural gas Tidal Nuclear Hydroelectric Biomass Geothermal

A fuel is a store of chemical energy. Fossil fuels What is a fuel? A fuel is a store of chemical energy. What is a fossil fuel? A fossil fuel is a fuel formed from the remains of animals and plants over millions of years. Name three fossil fuels: 1.___________ 2.___________ 3.___________ Coal Oil Natural gas

How was coal formed? Over time they became covered by mud and rock. ….the trees became fossilised forming coal. Over millions of years due to high temperatures and pressure….. Millions of years ago trees died and fell to the bottom of swamps.

How was oil and natural gas formed? Over time they became covered by mud and rock. ….the plankton became oil and natural gas. Over millions of years due to high temperatures and pressure….. Millions of years ago plankton died and fell to the bottom of seas and oceans.

Burning causes pollution burn in oxygen Heat energy Ash Carbon dioxide Sulphur dioxide The heat energy is useful, however…….. Ash is a waste product which needs to be disposed. Carbon dioxide causes the Greenhouse Effect. Sulphur dioxide causes Acid Rain.

Carbon dioxide When you burn a fossil fuel what gas is formed from the burning of carbon? Carbon dioxide CO2 What is the chemical formula of this compound? What environmental problem does this gas cause us? The Greenhouse Effect Which renewable energy source also causes this effect? Biomass

The Greenhouse Effect The Earth’s atmosphere allows the Sun’s radiation to enter. But the radiation cannot easily escape as the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reflects it back to Earth.

Flooding C_____ d_____ is a greenhouse gas, it lets the Sun’s heat energy into the Earth’s a________ but it will not let it escape. This results in the Earth getting w_____. We call this effect the Greenhouse Effect. G____ W____ results in the icecaps melting which could lead to f______, the temperature rises and the flooding could lead to the destruction of h______. arbon ioxide tmosphere armer lobal arming looding abitats

What are the problems caused by acid rain? Burning fossil fuels containing sulphur/sodium causes sulphur dioxide/sulphur monoxide to be formed. This gas is released by power stations and mixes with water/alkali in the atmosphere to form acid rain. Sulphur in coal Sulphur dioxide Acid Rain combustion mixed with water What are the problems caused by acid rain?

Acid Rain problems What are the problems acid rain causes? kills trees corrodes buildings and statues kills water life acidifies soil How can we reduce the problems caused by acid rain?

Reducing acid rain     Sulphur dioxide causes most of the acid rain (sulphuric acid), but carbon dioxide when mixed with water in the atmosphere can cause acid rain (carbonic acid) as well. Ways to reduce Acid Rain ( or x): Burn less fossil fuels. Burn more coal. Use wind or solar energy. Fit expensive filters that remove sulphur dioxide. Use expensive coal that contains little sulphur.  x   

Fossil fuels pros and cons Advantages Disadvantages Readily available Non-renewable Easily transported Acid rain Therefore cheap Greenhouse effect

How long will it last? (years) How long will they last? Fuel How long will it last? (years) Natural gas Oil Coal Nuclear 25-30 About 75 About 300 Thousands Even though nuclear fuel will last thousands of year it will still run out eventually. Coal Oil Natural gas Nuclear

Nuclear energy What fuels are used in nuclear power stations? What process releases the nuclear energy? What are the main advantages of nuclear power? Uranium and plutonium Nuclear fission A large amount of energy for a small amount of fuel, no acid rain, no greenhouse effect, cheap to run once built.

What are the disadvantages of nuclear power? Chernobyl Expensive to build Expensive to decommission Radioactive waste Links with cancer Large amounts of water required for cooling purposes kills water life Non-renewable Risk of disaster

Fossil fuel power stations Power stations convert c______ energy into e______ energy. hemical lectrical Name three different parts of a power station? ________ turbine boiler generator In what order does energy pass through a power station? Boiler Generator Turbine

Parts of power station Device Description Input energy Output energy Boiler Turbine Generator Burns fuel to change water into steam chemical heat Steam turns the turbine heat kinetic Turbine connected to generator makes electricity kinetic electrical in the turbines Where is most of the energy lost? In what form is the energy lost? heat energy

Nuclear power stations Nuclear power stations have an extra part: _______ reactor What are the different parts of a nuclear power station called? _______ _______ _______ _______ turbine boiler generator reactor In what order does energy pass through a power station? Boiler Generator Reactor Turbine What happens in the reactor? Nuclear fission occurs releasing vast amounts of energy.

Which gas below causes acid rain? Sulphur dioxide Ammonia Oxygen Nitrogen 

What gas causes the Greenhouse Effect? Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Sulphur dioxide Sulphur monoxide 

What is the energy change for a turbine? Kinetic  gravitational Chemical  kinetic Kinetic  electrical Heat  Kinetic 

Which of the following is a fuel used in nuclear power stations? Coal Oil Geothermal Uranium 

Which of the following is not a problem associated with acid rain? Corrodes buildings and statues Kills trees Raises global temperatures Kills water life 