Personality Disorders Chapter 13 Personality Disorders

Personality Disorders Individual’s personality traits are maladaptive their behaviors, thoughts, and feelings interfere with daily life these traits persist from adolescence or early adulthood onward Comorbidity-other disorders are more difficult to recover due to these traits

DSM-V Personality Disorders Cluster A: Odd-Eccentric Personality Disorders Symptoms similar to those for schizophrenia, including inappropriate or flat affect, odd thought and speech patterns, paranoia. People with these disorders maintain their grasp on reality, however. Cluster B: Dramatic Emotional Personality Disorders Manipulative, volatile, and uncaring in social relationships. Impulsive, sometimes violent behavior that show little regard for their own safety or the safety or needs of others Cluster C: Anxious-Fearful Personality Disorders Extremely concerned about being criticized or abandoned by others and thus have dysfunctional relationships with them.

Cluster A: Odd-Eccentric Paranoid personality disorder Chronic and pervasive mistrust and suspicion of other people that is unwarranted and maladaptive. Schizoid personality disorder Chronic lack of interest in and avoidance of interpersonal relationships, emotional coldness toward others. Schizotypal personality disorder Chronic pattern of inhibited or inappropriate emotion and social behavior, aberrant cognitions, disorganized speech. Weak Relationship to Schizophrenia Strong

Cluster B: Dramatic Emotional Personality Disorders Antisocial personality disorder Pervasive pattern of criminal, impulsive, callous, or ruthless behavior; disregard for rights of others; no respect for social norms. One of the most common of the personality disorders and one of the most difficult to treat. Borderline personality disorder Rapidly shifting and unstable mood, self-concept, and interpersonal relationships; impulsive. Histrionic personality disorder Rapidly shifting moods, unstable relationships, and intense need for attention and approval; dramatic, seductive behavior. Narcissistic personality disorder Grandiose thoughts and feelings of one’s own worth; obliviousness to others’ needs.

Theories of Antisocial Personality Disorder Genetic predisposition Deficits in brain structure and functioning Low levels of arousability Testosterone Harsh and inconsistent parenting Physical abuse

Treatments for Borderline Personality Disorder Dialectical behavior therapy Cognitive therapy treatments Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) Psychodynamically oriented therapies Drug treatments for reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression

Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Support-oriented: It helps a person identify their strengths and builds on them so that the person can feel better about him/herself and their life. Cognitive-based: DBT helps identify thoughts, beliefs, and assumptions that make life harder: “I have to be perfect at everything.” In DBT people are encouraged to work out problems in their relationships with their therapist and the therapists to do the same with them. DBT asks people to complete homework assignments, to role-play new ways of interacting with others, and to practice skills such as soothing yourself when upset.

DBT Individual weekly psychotherapy sessions that emphasize problem-solving behavior for the past week’s issues and troubles that arose in the person’s life Weekly group therapy sessions, generally 2 1/2 hours a session and led by a trained DBT therapist, where people learn skills from one of four different modules: interpersonal effectiveness, distress tolerance/reality acceptance skills, emotion regulation, and mindfulness skills

Cluster C: Anxious-Fearful Avoidant personality disorder Pervasive anxiety, a sense of inadequacy, and a fear of being criticized, which leads to the avoidance of social interactions and nervousness. Dependent personality disorder: Pervasive selflessness, need to be cared for, fear of rejection, leading to total dependence on and submission to others. . Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder Pervasive rigidity in one’s activities and interpersonal relationships, including emotional construction, extreme perfectionism, and anxiety about even minor disruptions in one’s routine.

Group Drugs Anti-psychotic DBT

Revisiting Dimensional Models of Personality Disorders Some theorists argue that personality disorders should be considered extreme forms of common personality dimensions Several theoretical schemes for the personality disorders have been suggested. In particular, there is good evidence that the DSM-V personality disorders can be conceptualized along dimensions that make up the five-factor model of personality

Biopsychosocial Model of Personality Disorders