Deafness and hearingloss Автор: преподаватель английского языка Красногорского филиала ГБПОУ МО «Московский областной медицинский колледж №1» Проценко А.А.

Deafness - the degree of hearing loss, in which the patient does not hear the words spoken out loud about his ear. Hearing loss - the degree of hearing loss, in which verbal communication is difficult.

Deafness and clinically significant hearing loss is identified 13 million Russians and more than one million patients are children under the age of 18 years. One out of a thousand newborn is born with total deafness or profound hearing loss.

Hearing impairment is detected in 14% of Russians aged 45-64 years and 30% of the inhabitants of our country over the age of 65 years.

If there is hearing loss since birth or appeared before the child begins to speak, this is called a hearing loss early. All other cases of hearing loss are hearing loss later. Early deafness and hearing loss more difficult to treat, because the patient does not know, what are sounds and spoken language.

Conductive hearing loss Conductive hearing loss is called an obstacle to the carrying out and amplify the sound. The obstruction occurs at the level of the outer ear (malformation, sulfur cork, tumors, external otitis) or middle ear (traumatic damage to the eardrum and ossicles, otitis media, adhesive otitis, tubo-otitis, otosclerosis).

Sensorineural hearing loss At the level of the inner ear of the mechanical vibrations are converted into electrical impulses. The loss of hair cells causes violations of the process. As a result, the perception of sounds and distorted deteriorates. In sensorineural hearing loss is often observed decrease in pain threshold sound reproduction.

Patients with sensorineural hearing loss may experience pain in the perception of sound, slightly above the threshold of audibility.

Sensorineural hearing loss can develop when microcirculatory disturbances are in the inner ear, Meniere's disease is (increase in pressure fluid in the inner ear) auditory nerve pathology etc.

The cause of sensorineural deafness may be some infectious diseases (measles, meningitis, mumps, AIDS). It is extremely rare to develop sensorineural hearing loss caused autoimmune diseases (Wegener's granulomatosis).

More than 60% of patients with congenital deafness and hearing loss are suffered from the toxic effects of alcohol on the fetus with fetal alcohol syndrome. In utero infection with syphilis becomes blind every third child.

Drugs can cause sensorineural hearing loss Drugs can cause sensorineural hearing loss. Irreversible hearing loss occurs by some patients after administration of aminoglycoside antibiotics series (monomitsin, kanamycin, neomycin, gentamicin). Reversible hearing loss may occur when patients are taking certain diuretics, antibiotics from the macrolide group and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

The cause of sensorineural deafness may be the impact of transport, consumer and industrial noise, intoxication of the organism lead, mercury and carbon monoxide.

A mixed hearing loss A mixed hearing loss is developed at the same time the influence of the factors causing conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. To correct for this type ofhearing loss often require sophisticated hearing aids.

Sudden deafness Hearing loss develops over a few hours. The cause of hearing loss in sudden deafness (sudden hearing loss) is the impact of a number of viruses (herpes viruses, mumps and measles), circulatory disorders in the maze, the effects of some ototoxic drugs, trauma and tumors.

Due to the characteristic features of current symptoms and sudden deafness is isolated as independent nosological unit. Patients with sudden deafness describe hearing loss will come as the "off" or "Broken telephone wires." This form of hearing loss is usually unilateral.

For sudden hearing loss is characterized by a high degree of hearing loss, up to complete deafness in the first hours of the disease. Approximately half of the patients a few days after the onset of symptoms of sudden deafness occur self-healing. A number of patients violation hearing is irreversible. Perhaps both full and partial recovery of hearing.

Diagnosis of hearing loss In the process of diagnosis of deafness and hearing loss it is important to identify not only the degree of hearing loss. It is necessary to determine as precisely as possible the cause of the hearing loss, the level of injury, hearing loss resistance, its progression or regression.

Pre-detection of deafness and severe hearing loss is not difficult and is held otolaryngologist. Used speech audiometry (spoken and whispered speech). In identifying hearing loss should consult an audiologist.

To recognize hearing loss mild use special equipment (audiometers, forks, etc.).

Significant difficulties arise in identifying hearing loss and deafness in young children. For evaluation of hearing status in this case applied computer audiometry and acoustic impedancemetry middle ear.

Treatment of conductive hearing loss If you violate the integrity or functionality of the auditory ossicles and tympanic membrane usually requires surgical treatment. There are many surgical procedures that ensure full recovery or significant improvement in hearing (Prosthetic ossicles, tympanoplasty, myringoplasty etc.). In some cases, recovery of hearing possibly even at complete deafness.

Type of surgery is determined by the nature of the defeat of sound-conducting system.

Treatment of sensorineural hearing loss The loss of hair cells is irreversible regardless of the cause of their defeat. Correct the violations by surgery impossible.

In the initial stages of the disease when the exact diagnosis in some cases, good effect gives the drug therapy in combination with physiotherapy, electrical stimulation and oksigenobaroterapiey.

The only way to compensate with a significant limitation of the disease, deafness and severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss remains a hearing aid.

Selection of installation and configuration of the hearing machine is made by a hearing doctor.

Prevention of hearing loss The main preventive measure for the prevention of deafness and hearing loss is a mass survey. Regular surveys shows all workers of noisy manufactures and other categories of the population who are at increased risk.

It is important to timely detect signs of hearing loss in children, because the time is not detected hearing loss can cause delays formation of speech and the backlog in intellectual development.

The end