1. Unit 1.3 Review MI

2. How do frequency and amplitude affect how humans interpret sound?

3. Frequency – Measures the speed of the sound wave in hertz
Amplitude – Measure of the height of the sound wave (energy) in decibels
Indicates how loud the sound will be
Frequency – Measures the speed of the sound wave in hertz
Indicates the pitch of the sound

4. What causes different types of hearing loss?

5. Outer Ear –
Pinna - Collects sound waves
Ear Canal
Ear Drum (Tympanic Membrane) Transfers sound waves to vibrations in the middle ear
Middle Ear –
Ossicles – Bones vibrate and send pressure waves through the cochlea
Malleus, Incus, Stapes (MIS)
Conductive Hearing loss – Caused by a blockage or problem with one of the above structures. Can often be reversed with surgery or treated by antibiotics if due to infections.
Inner Ear –
Cochlea – Contains sensory hairs that pick up on vibrations and send signals up the auditory nerve to the brain
Vestibule – Maintains balance
Eustachian Tube – Maintains pressure in the ear
Sensorineural Hearing loss – Caused by genetic or environmental damage to the inner ear. Often irreversible and need hearing aids, sign language, or cochlear implants to communicate

6. How is hearing loss diagnosed?
Rinne Test – Uses a tuning fork to compare sound through vibrations to sound waves going through the outer ear. If the sound through vibrations is longer that means there maybe conductive hearing loss.
Audiogram – Uses different frequencies to test the decibels patients can hear them in a sound proof room

7. Conductive hearing loss – bone conduction line with << will be higher than air conduction line
Sensorineural hearing loss – This shows hearing loss at high frequencies, because we had to increase decibels for the patient to hear the sound.

8. What interventions are available for patients with hearing loss?
What are the bioethical concerns related to the use of cochlear implant technology?

9. Interventions for conductive Interventions for sensorineural
Surgery and antibiotics
Interventions for sensorineural
Hearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants
Cochlear Implants
Wire is put into Cochlea and uses electricity to stimulate nerve
Will destroy any hearing patient may have in that ear, does not completely replicate hearing, and deafness is not seen a disability, but rather another culture and does not be cured (as viewed by some advocates against implants)