Ali N. Azadani, PhD, Nicolas Jaussaud, MD, Peter B

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Energy Loss Due to Paravalvular Leak With Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Ali N. Azadani, PhD, Nicolas Jaussaud, MD, Peter B. Matthews, BS, Liang Ge, PhD, T. Sloane Guy, MD, Timothy A.M. Chuter, MD, Elaine E. Tseng, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 88, Issue 6, Pages 1857-1863 (December 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.08.025 Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 (A) Homemade 23 mm transcatheter aortic valve. (B) Edwards SAPIEN valve. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009 88, 1857-1863DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.08.025) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Diagram of pulsatile-flow testing system. Control volume is defined by the dashed line. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009 88, 1857-1863DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.08.025) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Total energy loss of three Carpentier-Edwards Perimount bioprostheses, and the TAV before and after implantation within the 23mm bioprosthesis. (☐ = leak flow; ■ = closing flow; = forward flow; * is p < 0.001.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009 88, 1857-1863DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.08.025) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Percentage of energy loss during forward, closing, and leak flow. (☐ = leak flow; ■ = closing flow; = forward flow.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2009 88, 1857-1863DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.08.025) Copyright © 2009 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions