Oklahoma City Community College Protista Part I BIO 2215 Oklahoma City Community College Dennis Anderson

Protozoa

Leewenhoek First observed protozoa in 1675 animalcules

Amoeba video

Kingdom Protista Protozoa - 64,000 sp Unicellular Motile Reproduce Animal like Unicellular Some are colonial Motile Reproduce Sexual Asexual Nutrition Heterotrophic Autotrophic

Origin of Protozoa Earth is 4.6 billion years old Prokaryotic cells date back over 3.5 billion years 1.5 Billion years ago Eukaryotic cells Became protozoans

Fig. 11.1a

Movement Pseudopodia Flagella Cilia Nonmotile

Fig. 11.4 Fig. 11.4

Flagella

Cilia

Reproduction Sexual Asexual Encystment and Excystment Male and female gametes Asexual Binary Fission Schizogony Sporogony Encystment and Excystment

Binary Fission Mitosis Cytokinesis Division of nucleus Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Binary Fission Fig. 8.4 Mitosis Division of nucleus Cytokinesis Division of cytoplasm 8-3

Schizogony

Sporogongy Like schizogony except occurs after union of gametes v

Encystment and Excystment Cyst forms to survive harsh environment Dormant stage Resistant covering Shuts down metablolism Up to 49 years! Parasite leaves host

Phylum Chlorophyta Chloroplasts Volvox Flagella Colony Movie

Volvox, A Colonial Flagellate Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Volvox, A Colonial Flagellate

Fig. 11.12 Fig. 11.12

Phylum Retortamonada Flagella Two nuclei No chloroplasts No mitochondria Parasites

Phylum Retortamonada Class Diplomonadea Giardia lamblia Giardiasis Backpackers disease Beaver fever Inhabits intestines of several animals and man Acquired by drinking water with cysts Cramping and diarrhea

Phylum Axostylata Axostyle Rod along the longitudinal axis

Phylum Axostylata Class Parabasalea Trichomonas vaginalis Four flagella STD Vaginitis White discharge and itching Most people a asymptomatic

Phylum Axostylata Class Parabasalea Trichonympha Symbiont in gut of termite

Phylum Euglenozoa Flagella Pellicle Stiff cell membrane Allows the cell to change shape

Phylum Euglenozoa Class Euglenoidea Euglena Chloroplasts photosynthesis Movie

Fig. 11.14 Euglena Fig. 11.14

Phylum Euglenozoa Class Trypanosomatidea Parasites in the blood Chagas disease Central and South America Sleeping sickness Africa

Chagas Disease 16-18 million persons infected in Central & South America Transmission by infected Kissing Bugs & blood transfusions

Kissing Bugs hide in cracks in walls of houses during the day.

Feed at night

Feeding bugs defecate & feces including Trypanosomes are rubbed into bite or mucous membranes

Trypanosomes invade blood

Acute stage seen mainly in children includes local inflammation at site of invasion

Chronic Chagas disease develops10-20 years later Enlargement of the spleen and liver Irreversible damage to heart & colon There is no effective treatment Death due to heart failure is most common.

Effects on heart

Effects on colon

Screening by Xenodiagnosis

African Sleeping Sickness Parasite - Trypanosoma Chronic disease lasting years. Affecting countries of western & central Africa. Vector - Tsetse fly (Glossina) Reservoirs - infected wild animals and humans

African Sleeping Sickness

Tsetse fly Trypanosome Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Tsetse fly Trypanosome

Stages of Infection Early - fever, weakness, headache, joint pains. Intermediate - anemia, cardiovascular, endocrine & kidney disorders. Late - CNS involvement, indifference to environment, unpredictable mood changes, coma and death.

50-70% of inhabitants of some villages may be infected.

End Part I