1. Not quite an animal but close enough
Protozoan Groups
Not quite an animal but close enough

2. Phyla Sarcomastigophora Ciliophora Apicomplexa Flagellate Ameboid
ciliates
Apicomplexa
sporozoans

3. General Characteristics
Unicellular
Mainly microscopic
No organs but have specialized organelles

4. Habitat
Found wherever life exists
Highly adaptable

5. Symbiotic Relationships
Mutualistic ++
Both partners benefit
Commensalistic +0
One partner benefits, no effect on the other
Parasitic +-
One partner benefits at the expense of the other

6. Nucleus Control center of the cell Houses and protects DNA
Contains nucleolus
Surrounded by a
nuclear envelope
Protozoans often contain more than one nucleus
Macronucleus
Micronucleus

7. Cell Membrane Cell Membrane (plasma membrane) Thin and flexible
Protects/ supports
Phospholipid bilayer
Transport proteins
Regulates flow (food, water, and waste)

8. Cytoplasm Extends from nucleus to cell membrane Jelly like
Helps support the organelles
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules
Micro fibers

9. Cytoskeleton Microtubules and microfilaments Provide structure
Important for mitosis and organelle movement
Train tracks

10. Cytoplasm Ectoplasm Endoplasm
Cytoplasm which appears granular and contains the nucleus and organelles
Gel state
Endoplasm
Cytoplasm which appears transparent and bears the base of cilia or flagella
Sol state

11. Locomotion Cilia and flagella Pseudopodia
Sliding microtubule hypothesis

12. Cillia and Flagella Interchangeable terms 9+2 structure Axoneme
Kinetosome

14. Pseudopodia Chief means of locomotion for amebas Lobopodia Filopodia
Large blunt extensions of the cell body containing both endo and ectoplasm
Filopodia
Thin extensions, usually branching and contain only ectoplasm
Recticulopodia
Repeatedly rejoin to form a netlike mesh
Axopodia
Thin and supported by axial rods of microtubules

16. Psuedopodia cont… Hyaline cap
Extension of the ectoplasm which starts the psuedopodia

18. Excretion and Osmoregulation
Contractile vacuole
osmoregulation

19. Nutrition Autotrophs Heterotrophs Phagotrophs or Holozoic
Ingests visible food particles
Osmotrophs or Saprozoic
Ingests food in a soluble form

20. Asexual Reproduction Fission
Binary
Two identical individuals form
Budding
Progeny is smaller than parent but grows to adult size
Multiple fission
A number of individuals are produced
Schizogony

21. Sexual reproduction Conjugation Gametes Fertilization
Exchange of gametic nuclei between paired organisms
Gametes
Isogametes
Ansiogametes
Fertilization
Syngamy
Autogamy

22. Survival
Cysts
Tough dormant forms

23. Protozoan Phyla

24. Phyla Retortamonada Phyla Axostylata
Largely parasites
Lack both mitochondria and golgi bodies

25. Giardia lamblia Giardiasis (giardia)
Soil, food or water contaminated with feces from infected humans or animals.

27. Phylum Chlorophyta Plant-like Colonial forms
Autotrophic
Contain chloroplasts
Colonial forms
Sexual and a sexual reproduction

29. Phylum Euglenozoa
Stigma- eyespot
Photosynthetic

31. Phyla Apicomplexa Endoparasites No special means of locomotion
Toxoplasma gondii

33. Plasmodium Malaria Carried by Anopholese mosquito Symptoms 2010 Fever
Chills
Flu-like symptoms
2010
219 cases
660,000 deaths

35. Phylum Ciliophora Most structurally diverse group Have cillia
Macronucleus
Day to day activities
Metabolic and developmental functions
Micronucleus
participate in sexual reproduction

37. Phylum Dinoflagellata
Dinoflagellates
Feeding
Photoautotrophic-green
Heterotrophic- clear
“Red tide”

40. Amebas No classification 3 types Rhizopodan Foraminiferans
Actinopodans

41. Rhizopodan amoebas Slow streams and ponds Feeding Reproduction
Require Substratum
Feeding
Phagocytosis
Reproduction
Binary fission

42. Entamoeba histolytica
Parasite in humans
Lives in the large intestine
Amebic dysentery
Spread by contaminated food or water

44. Foraminiferan Amoebas
Ancient group
Shelled amoebas
Calcium carbonate
Found in all oceans
Mostly the Atlantic Ocean
Sand and ocean floor

45. Actinopodans
Move by axopodia
Shell
Silica (glass)