PRESENT PERFECT - Descreve uma ação iniciada no passado e que continua no presente. I have talked to him lately. ( Conversei e vou continuar conversando com ele.) - Descreve uma ação acontecida no passado sem tempo definido. I have seen that movie a lot of times.

SIMPLE PAST X PRESENT PERFECT She wrote to him last week. a ação começou e terminou no passado tempo definido (last week)

I have traveled last year. X I have traveled a lot. √ I traveled a lot last year. √

I have gone to the market. CONTRACTIONS I have gone to the market. I’ve gone to the market. She has been busy. She’s been busy.

Advérbios usados com o Present Perfect ALWAYS NEVER EVER ALREADY JUST YET LATELY

always = sempre You have always been on my mind.

Never = nunca She has never forgotten you.

EVER Ever = já, alguma vez Geralmente usado em perguntas. Have you ever traveled abroad? EVER

ALREADY - Already = já They have already found their books. Have you already traveled to Europe? Have you traveled to Europe already ?

JUST Expressa uma ação que acabou de acontecer. I have just arrived from school. (Eu acabei de chegar da escola.) JUST

HAVE YOU ANSWERED YOUR E-MAILS YET ? YET = JÁ USADO EM PERGUNTAS , SEMPRE NO FINAL HAVE YOU ANSWERED YOUR E-MAILS YET ? USADO EM FRASES NEGATIVAS. I HAVEN’T DONE IT YET. NOT YET = AINDA NÃO

I HAVEN’T SEEN YOU LATELY. LATELY = ULTIMAMENTE I HAVEN’T SEEN YOU LATELY.

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES ALWAYS → He has always been a nice guy. ALREADY → I’ve already fixed the TV. JUST → They have just arrived. LATELY → I’ve talked to him lately.

NEGATIVE SENTENCES NEVER → I’ve never been there. YET → I haven’t finished this yet. LATELY → I havent’t seen you lately!

QUESTIONS EVER → Have you ever seen the rain? ALREADY → Has he already come? Has he come already ? YET → Have you done it yet? LATELY → Have you talked to him lately?

SINCE / FOR SINCE = desde (data definida no passado) She has worked as a teacher since 1998. FOR = por (período de tempo) She has worked as a teacher for 10 years.

ATTENTION!!! She has worked as a teacher for ten years. (She still works as a teacher.) She worked as a teacher for tem years. (She doesn’t work anymore)

EXERCISES What (have you done / did you do) lately? Last night, I (have seen / saw) an accident. I (have written / wrote) three books since 2005. It (has rained /rained) a lot since Monday. Where (have you gone / did you go) yesterday?