Evaluation of Housefly Musca domestica Maggot Meal as Protein Source in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Diets Nazael A. Madalla, Tausi Ally, & Sebastian W. Chenyambuga Department of Animal, Aquaculture & Range Sciences Sokoine University of Agriculture Tanzania nmadalla@suanet.ac.tz

Introduction Despite phenomenal global growth of aquaculture, such growth remained elusive in Tanzania. 73.8 Million MT vs. 10,317 MT in 2014 Mostly subsistence, small semi-intensive freshwater ponds typically stocked with tilapias Lack of quality and affordable fish feeds is one of the limiting factors as fishmeal and oil seedcakes are scarce and unaffordable.

Aquaculture Production Trend in Tanzania Source: FAO FishStat

…Introduction Housefly maggots are promising protein source locally available palatable relatively affordable short life cycle high fecundity The current study evaluated suitability of housefly maggot meal (HFM) as protein source in practical Nile tilapia diets.

…Introduction Life Cycle of House Fly Source: https://bestpestcontroluk.wordpress.com/2014/08/10/life-cycle-of-a-house-fly/

Methodology The maggots were produced indoors Substrate: cattle manure Attractant: cattle offals and fish remains. Harvested maggots were blanched, oven dried at 650C for 48 hours and then ground into a meal Five diets were formulated to contain 30% protein and 10% lipid.

…Methodology Maggot Culture

…Methodology Maggot Harvest

…Methodology Formulation of HFM Diets (g/100g diet) Ingredients Diets Fish meal 5.0 Housefly maggot meal 0.0 12.0 24.5 40.0 49.8 Cottonseed meal 50.0 39.0 25.0 9.0 Maize meal 38.5 40.5 42.0 42.2 Wheat meal 2.0 Sunflower oil 1.0 1.5 Vitamin/mineral premix* *Vitamin A 25,500,000 IU, Vitamin D3 5, 000, 000 IU, Vitamin E 5,050 IU, Vitamin B2 mg 4,750, Vitamin B6mg 2,750, Vitamin B12 mcg 11, 750, Vitamin K3 mg 4,850, CAL PAN mg 5,750, Niacinamide mg 16, 500, Vitamin C 10, 000 mg, IRON 5,250 mg, MANGANESE 12, 760 mg, COPPER 13, 250 mg, ZINC 13, 250 mg, SODIUM CHLORIDE 48, 750 mg, MAGNESIUM 12, 750 mg, POTASSIUM ACETATE 73, 750 mg, LYSINE 15,000 mg, METHIONINE 12, 000 mg, antioxidant and anticaking qsf 1 kg.

…Methodology The five diets were randomly allocated in triplicates to 20L tanks each stocked with 14 tilapia juveniles with an average weight of 2.4±0.048 g The juveniles were fed twice a day at 0900 and 1700 hrs according to feeding response but not exceeding 5% of body weight for eight weeks

…Methodology Experiment Units

…Methodology Proximate analysis was done using methods described by AOAC, (2005). Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly and used to compute Growth Feed Utilization Cost Effectiveness Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA at significant level of 5%

Results Proximate Composition of Feedstuffs Used in Formulation (g/100g) Items Ingredients HFM FM MM WM CSM Dry matter 97.52 98.96 88.01 96.9 97.50 Crude Protein 48.55 69.20 10.5 11.74 41.60 Ether Extract 19.07 10.28 3.60 1.80 8.5 Crude Fibre 5.71 1.0 2.3 1.55 14.37 Ash 11.13 22.76 1.30 1.91 6.70

Results Growth - AWG

…Results Growth – Initial and Final Weights

…Results Growth - ADG

…Results Growth - SGR

…Results Feed Utilization – FI

…Results Feed Utilization - FCR

…Results Feed Utilization - PER

…Results Cost Effectiveness - Price of Feed

…Results Cost Effectiveness – Cost of Producing 1kg of Fish

Conclusion Conclusion Further studies HFM can be included at 40% in practical Nile tilapia diets without compromising biological and economical performance Further studies On-farm validation trials Explore effect of different culture conditions on nutrient content of the HFM

Funding for this research was provided by the The AquaFish Innovation Lab is supported in part by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Cooperative Agreement No. EPP-A-00-06-00012-00 and by contributions from participating institutions. This presentation is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this presentation does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use on the part of USAID or AquaFish. The accuracy, reliability, and originality of the work presented are the responsibility of the individual authors.