Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse The online threat and challenges of an effective risk based response. Gary KIBBEY

The online threat and challenges of an effective risk based response Online threat to children Threat vectors - where are they? European Union direction Global initiatives in response UK response Gaps, risks and challenges Discussion and questions?

Online threats to children Indecent Images of Children (IIOC) There may be between 450,00 and 590,000 males aged 18-89 in the UK who have at some point viewed child sexual abuse images. (NSPCC, 2016) Grooming - online & offline offending Scale unknown – 10’s thousands?/Worldwide threat Live Streaming Technological challenges/ International Blackmail and Extortion ‘Sextortion’ Underreporting /Links with organised crime ‘Sexting’ Volume/Criminalising children 50,000 individuals involved in downloading and sharing child sexual abuse images in 2012. (CEOP, 2013) Up to 100,000 individuals have viewed child sexual abuse images online (CEOP, 2016) Up to 100,000 individuals have viewed child sexual abuse images online (CEOP, 2016) References SPIRTO Project (Self-Produced Images – Risk Taking Online) et al. (2015) Young people who produce and send nude images: context, motivation and consequences (PDF). [Edinburgh]: SPIRTO Project (Self-Produced Images – Risk Taking Online). New figures on scale of ‘sexting’ Posted on October 18, 2013 Childline released the findings of their most recent research into young people and ‘sexting’ this week. In the survey of 13-18 year olds: 60 per cent said they had been asked for a sexual image or video of themselves 40 per cent said they had created an image or video of themselves 25 per cent said they had sent an image or video of themselves to someone else Over half of the young people surveyed said they had received a sexual photo or video, most received them from a partner but a third received them from a stranger Whilst most said the image went to a boyfriend or girlfriend, a third said they sent it to someone they met online but didn’t know in real life and 15 per cent said they had sent it to a total stranger. Up to 100,000 individuals have viewed child sexual abuse images online (CEOP, 2016)

Where are they? Social Media The Surface web The Deep web The Dark web Tor Internet Relay Chat Peer to Peer Encrypted Applications Live conferencing Dark Market

European Union Direction Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA on combating the sexual exploitation of children and child pornography. (22nd December 2003) It introduces a framework of common provisions on criminalisation, sanctions, aggravating circumstances, assistance to victims and jurisdiction. Replaced 13th December 2011 by DIRECTIVE 2011/92/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF COUNCIL on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography. The Directive within its 52 points and 28 Articles sort a comprehensive approach by the public authorities and private institutions of Member States in protecting the rights of a child (age18) against sexual abuse and exploitation. The Directive sort consistency of an effective response with compatibility of legislation and penalties.

Global Initiatives WePROTECT - UK initiated INHOPE Virtual Global Taskforce Europol EC3– Empact/FP Twins Interpol – ICSE database UNODC ECPAT NCMEC

UK Response Key Legislation National Security and Policing Priority Children Act 1989 S47 – Local Authorities duty to investigate significant harm Sexual Offences Act 2003 S.5-8 Rape and other sexual offences against children under 13 S.14 Arranging or facilitating commission of a child sex offence S.15 Meeting a child following sexual grooming (amended 2.4.17) S.47 Paying for sexual services of a child S.48 Causing or inciting ‘child prostitution’ or pornography S.49 Controlling a child prostitute or a child involved in pornography Children Act 2004 S11– Safeguarding and Welfare by public bodies as under the guidance of the Secretary of State National Security and Policing Priority SDSR (2015) / National Chief Council Policing Delivery Plan (2016)/ National Strategic Assessment of Serious and Organised Crime (2016) Criminal Justice and Specialist Support Child Exploitation Online Protection Centre (CEOP) /National Cyber Crime Unit (NCCU) / National Cyber Security Centre ( NCSC) / Crown Prosecution Service specialist case workers/ National & Local Government Services and the vital contribution of the charity sector. The Child Exploitation and Online Protection Command, or CEOP Command, is a command of the UK's National Crime Agency (NCA),[1] and is tasked to work both nationally and internationally to bring online child sex offenders, including those involved in the production, distribution and viewing of child abuse material, to the UK courts.[2] The centre was formed in April 2006 as the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre, and was absorbed into the NCA on 7 October 2013 by the Crime courts act 2013

National Strategic Assessment of Serious and Organised Crime (2016) Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Key judgements The large increase in the volume of reported crime intelligence generated from industry, and forensics continues to have very significant resourcing implications for law enforcement. The advancement of technology poses challenges for law enforcement. Live streaming and cloud storage of CSEA content which can be hosted on infrastructure outside UK jurisdiction, together with challenges in identifying online offenders, mean that current law enforcement approaches may need to be refined. The practice of live streaming is one example of how offenders can simultaneously create indecent images of children (IIOC) online, view IIOC, and commit contact abuse by proxy overseas. This convergence across all CSEA threat areas is an indicator of the threat evolving with new technologies. www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk

Gaps, risks and challenges Increase knowledge and understand of threat Evolving threat Technological opportunities and challenges Appropriate response to volume/scale Training needs Content removal National and transnational jurisdictional issues High risk environment – high political/media interest Theme of Independent Inquiries (Jayet al) Maintain momentum with competing resources demands and Courts Act 2013.

Question? Gary KIBBEY gary@gcjkservices.co.uk