DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY BONES & JOINTS OF LOWER LIMB
BONES OF LOWER LIMB
DIRECTION 1. Epitopes 2. Three dimensional spaces
OS INNOMINATUM
OS INNOMINATUM 1800 900
OS INNOMINATUM (R)
OS INNOMINATUM (R)
OS INNOMINATUM
OS INNOMINATUM
INGUINAL CANAL
FEMALE ORGAN
FRACTURE OF PELVIC
FRACTURE OF PELVIC
THE FEMUR (R) 1800 900 1300
THE FEMUR (R) PRESSURE PLANES TENSION PLANES
Trendelenberg Sign Trendelenberg Test This special test is useful to evaluate for hip weakness. The patient is standing, the examiner requests that the patient stand on one leg. The examiner observes the pelvis. Normally, the pelvis stays level, or rises slightly on the unsupported side. Any drop of the pelvis on the unsupported side indicates a positive test. NOTE: A positive test indicates abductor weakness, most commonly due to contusion of the abductor muscles or a stress fracture of the femoral neck. A positive test may also indicate inadequate neural control, pain inhibition, or mechanical factors.
FRACTURE OF FEMUR
THE NECK OF THE FEMUR
FRACTURE OF FEMUR
FRACTURE OF FEMUR
FRACTURE OF FEMUR
THE PATELLA (R)
FRACTURE OF PATELLA
THE TIBIA (R) 1800 900
FRACTURE OF TIBIA
FRACTURE OF TIBIA
FRACTURE OF TIBIA
THE FIBULA ANTERO-EXTENAL BORDER ANTERO-INTERNAL BORDER POSTERO-INTERNAL BORDER POSTERO-EXTENAL BORDER
THE FIBULA (R) 900 900 ANTERO-EXTENAL BORDER ANTERO-INTERNAL BORDER POSTERO-INTERNAL BORDER POSTERO-EXTENAL BORDER
THE FOOT (R)
THE TALUS
FRACTURE OF TALUS
THE CALCANEUM
THE FOOT (R)
THE FOOT (R)
HIP JOINT (1)
HIP JOINT (2)
HIP JOINT (3)
HIP JOINT (4)
HIP JOINT (5)
DISLOCATION OF HIP JOINT (6)
KNEE JOINT (1)
KNEE JOINT (2)
KNEE JOINT (3)
KNEE JOINT (4)
KNEE JOINT (5)
KNEE JOINT (6)
KNEE JOINT (7)
REFERENCES 1. TEXTBOOKS 2. WEBSITES 1. Williams PL, Warwick R et al. Gray’s Anatomy, 37th ed. NewYork : Churchill Livingstone, 1989, pp. 401-22, 499-16. 2. Pick TP & Howden R. Gray’s Anatomy, The Classic Collector’s ed. NewYork : Gramercy, 1977. 3. Netter Frank H. Atlas of Clinical Anatomy on CD-ROM, ver 2.0. Novartis : DxR Development Group, Inc, 1998 4. Sinelnikhov. Human Anatomy, vol 1, 3rd ed. Moscow, 1963. 5. Stoller Davis W. MRI, Arthroscopy & Surgical anatomy of the Joint CD-ROM. California : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1998. 6. Sabiston. Textbook of Surgery, 15th ed. Philadelphia : W.B. Saunder Company, 1997. 7. Oxford Textbook of Surgery on CD-ROM, ver 1.0. Oxford University Press, 1995. 2. WEBSITES 1. http://anatomy.uams.edu/htmlpages/anatomyhtml/ 2. http://www.ptcentral.com.muscles 3. http://cim.ucdavis.edu/users/grogo/cha101/mnemonics.shtml 4. http://www.anatomy.tv 5. http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html 6. http://www.vh.org/Providers/Textbooks/HumanAnatomy/CrossSectionAtlas.html 7. Anatomy of the Human Body Henry Gray http://www.bartleby.com/107/
REFERENCES 2. WEBSITES 8. Atlas of Human Anatomy / Clinical Imaging Diagnosis http://www.cid.ch/DAVID/Mainmenu.html 9. Human Anatomy Radiologic Anatomy Images http://www.emory.edu/ANATOMY/Radiology/Home.Page.MENU.HTML 10. Structure of the human body http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/GA.html 11. Human Anatomy http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/biology/humananatomy/index.shtml 12. Visible Human cross sections http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/cross_section/ 13. The virtual Body http://www.medtropolis.com/VBody.asp 14. The Human Anatomy and Physiology Case Study Project http://faculty.niagara.edu/bcliff/ 15. Digital Anatomist Project http://www9.biostr.washington.edu/da.html 16. EnchantedLearning.com Human Anatomy http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/titlepage.shtml 17. Human Anatomy (including course syllabus for reference) http://www.emory.edu/ANATOMY/Contents.html
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