Looking Inside Cells

CELLS are the basic unit of all living things. They contain tiny structures called “organelles”.

plant cell

animal cell

4 organelles you don’t have to know until high school… due to new GA standards These will be marked with (*bhs) in front of endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, vacuoles, and ribosomes. They will be mentioned, but you will not be graded on these 4 organelles.

Found in plant cells only: cell wall- tough outer layer surrounding plant, fungi, and bacteria cells; supports and protects.. “outside wall” chloroplasts- contain chlorophyll; capture sun’s energy for food production; photosynthesis… “kitchen/lunchroom/cafeteria”

Organelles found in BOTH plant and animal cells: cell membrane- outer boundary; controls what goes in and out (selectively permeable).. “doorways” nucleus- directs all cell activities; contains chromatin (chromosomes/DNA)…“control center/ principal’s office” mitochondria- produce energy for the cell; powerhouse.. “electrical outlets”

(*bhs) endoplasmic reticulum – moves materials around in the cell more organelles….. (*bhs) endoplasmic reticulum – moves materials around in the cell (*bhs) ribosomes- make protein for the cell (*bhs) Golgi bodies- used for packaging materials to be distributed in or out of the cell

(*bhs) vacuoles- storage areas for water, food, and wastes more organelles…. (*bhs) vacuoles- storage areas for water, food, and wastes lysosomes- break down food and worn out cell parts “trash cans / janitors/recycle bins” Cytoplasm – clear gel-like substance inside cell

Bacteria cells are DIFFERENT from plant and animal cells…… usually smaller does NOT contain a nucleus….but it does contain genetic material cells without a nucleus are called “Prokaryotes” !!!!! (pro rhymes with no)

Bacterial cell …. no nucleus!

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes YES…they have a nucleus and many other organelles in the cytoplasm All other cells!! (protist,fungi,plant,animal) NO…does not have a nucleus…genetic material scattered bacterial cells only !