After the study the Ss are able to know and understand Learning objective After the study the Ss are able to know and understand The characteristics of the transport documents; Different documents used in transport;

INTRODUCTION Transport documents lies at the heart of international trade transactions. These documents are issued by the shipping line, airline, international trucking company, railroad, freight-forwarder or logistics company. There is a type of document for each mode of transport (CMR for road transport, Bill of Lading for shipping, etc.).

INTRODUCTION Those goods carried in multimodal transport units (mainly containers) use a document called FIATA multimodal Bill of Lading (FBL). The responsibility for the management and processing of shipping documents will depend on the sale conditions (Incoterms) agreed between the parties. 

CHARACTERISTICS • They are contracts for the carriage of the goods. All transport documents have in common three elements: • They are contracts for the carriage of the goods. • They serve as receipt of the goods at the destination. • They have a similar structure in terms of number of boxes, content and language used. 

MAIN TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS CMR Document Cargo Insurance Certificate Bill of Lading B/L Commercial Invoice Air Waybill AWB Packing List Multimodal Bill of Lading FBL Delivery Note

CMR DOCUMENT The CMR transport document is an international consignment note used by drivers, operators and forwarders alike that governs the responsibilities and liabilities of the parties to a contract for the carriage of goods by road internationally.

CMR DOCUMENT The carrier usually completes the form, but the sender -in other words the exporter- is responsible for the accuracy of the information and must sign the form when the goods are collected. The consignee will also sign the form on delivery, which is essential for the carrier to be able to confirm the delivery of the goods and to justify the payment for its services.

CMR DOCUMENT The CMR transport document is not a document of title and is therefore non- negotiable. This document is prepared by the exporter and the freight forwarder and is addressed to the importer and the carrier. 

What the CMR note is The CMR is a consignment note with a standard set of transport and liability conditions, which replaces individual businesses' terms and conditions. It confirms that the carrier (i.e. the road haulage company) has received the goods and that a contract of carriage exists between the trader and the carrier.

What the CMR note is Unlike a bill of lading, a CMR is not a document of title nor a declaration, although some states regard it as such. It does not necessarily give its holder and/or the carrier rights of ownership or possession of the goods, although some insurance is included.

How to complete the CMR note A range of information needs to be covered in the CMR note, including: The date and place at which the CMR note has been completed. The name and address of sender, carrier(s) and consignee (the person to whom the goods are going).

How to complete the CMR note A description of the goods and their method of packing. The description should be acceptable to the consignor and consignee. For security reasons, you do not always want the carrier to be able to identify valuable goods. The weight of the goods. Any charges related to the goods, such as customs duties or carriage charges. Instructions for customs and any other formalities such as dangerous goods information.

How to complete the CMR note Generally there will be four copies of a CMR note. One will be kept by the trader and another by the carrier, while the third will travel with the goods all the way to their final destination. The final is the administration copy. While the carrier is liable for any loss, damage or delay to a consignment until it is delivered, the trader is responsible for any loss or damage the carrier suffers resulting from incorrect details having been provided in the CMR note.

CIM consignment note This document confirms that the rail carrier has received the goods and that a contract of carriage exists between trader and carrier. Unlike a bill of lading, a CIM note isn't a document of title. It doesn't give its holder rights of ownership or possession of the goods.

CIM consignment note Key details to be provided in the note include: a description of the goods the number of packages and their weight the names and addresses of the sender and recipient The sender is responsible for the accuracy of CIM notes, and is liable for any loss or damage suffered by the carrier due to inaccurate information. Notes are used to calculate compensation if goods are lost or damaged.

Forwarders' certificates Increasingly, international trade journeys are intermodal, with freight forwarders playing a crucial co-ordinating role. 'Forwarders' documents' have been designed for these kinds of transactions. The Forwarders' Certificate of Receipt (FCR) provides proof that a forwarder has accepted your goods with irrevocable instructions to deliver them to the consignee indicated on the FCR. Using an FCR can speed up payment. For example, if you're selling overseas and your contract with the buyer states that the goods are collected from the factory, an FCR can be issued when your buyer's forwarder collects goods.

Forwarders' certificates You can then present the FCR for payment, rather than having to wait until a non-negotiable or negotiable transport document (the proof of the goods having been loaded onto the transport conveyance for the main international carriage, if any) is issued, which may be some time later. While an FCR is non-negotiable, another similar document, the Forwarders' Certificate of Transport (FCT), is negotiable. This means that the forwarder accepts responsibility to deliver to a destination you specify - not to an unchangeable destination as with the FCR.

BILL OF LADING B/L B/L is a document issued by the agent of a carrier to a shipper, signed by the captain, agent, or owner of a vessel, furnishing written evidence regarding receipt of the goods (cargo), the conditions on which transportation is made (contract of carriage), and the engagement to deliver goods at the prescribed port of destination to the lawful holder of the bill of lading. A Bill of Lading is, therefore, both a receipt for merchandise and a contract to deliver it as freight. There are a number of different types of bills of lading and a number of regulations that relate to them as a group of documents.

Popular B/L in practice Clean, on board and order B/L is commonly seen. “Clean” B/L means that the carrier has noted that the cargo has been received in apparent good condition; “on board” B/L is issued by the shipping company after the goods are actually shipped on board the designated vessel; “order” B/L is a title document to the cargo, issued “to the order of” a party, usually the shipper, whose endorsement is required to effect its negotiation. It can be negotiated.

Sea Waybill This fulfils the same practical functions as the bill of lading, but does not confer title to the goods and is therefore quicker and easier to use. It's often used where there's a well-established trading relationship between buyer and seller or in transactions where ownership doesn't change hands, e.g. between divisions of a single company.

AIR WAYBILL AWB An Air Waybill (AWB) is a non-negotiable transport document covering transport of cargo from airport to airport. The Air Waybill must name a consignee (who can be the buyer), and it should not be required to be issued “to order” and/or “to be endorsed” as it is not a title of property of the merchandise. Since it is not negotiable, and it does not evidence title to the goods, in order to maintain some control of goods not paid for by cash in advance, sellers often consign air shipments to their sales agents, or freight forwarders’ agents in the buyer’s country.

Multimodal transport Document It is a document that evidences a multimodal transport contract, the taking in charge of the goods by the multimodal transport operator, and an undertaking by him to deliver the goods in accordance with the terms of that contract. It can be made out to order or to bearer, which is negotiable; or non-negotiable one indicated with a named consignee.

MULTIMODAL BILL OF LADING FBL A Multimodal Bill of Lading FBL is an international transport document covering two or more modes of transport, such as shipping by road and by sea. It is also used as a carriage contract and receipt that the goods have been received. When it is issued “to the order”, the Multimodal Bill of Lading is title of ownership of the goods and can therefore be negotiated.

CARGO INSURANCE CERTIFICATE The Cargo Insurance Certificate is a document indicating the type and amount of insurance coverage in force on a particular shipment. It includes the name of the insurance company and conditions of coverage. The original copy of the Cargo Insurance Certificate is required in the filing of a claim. Copies of documents necessary to support an insurance claim include the insurance policy or certificate, bill of lading, invoice, packing list, and a survey report (usually prepared by a claims agent). In addition to these documents prepared and managed transportation companies, it should also mention three other documents prepared by the exporter which accompany the goods during transportation: international commercial invoice, packing list and delivery note. 

INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL INVOICE The International Commercial Invoice is an administrative document which contains all the information about the international sale. The item, quantity, price for the products/services sold, delivery and payment conditions, as well as the taxes and other expenses that might be included in the sale, are detailed in an International Commercial Invoice. The importer, with the original of the International Commercial Invoice, declares to the tax authority of his country the amount that it must pay, to who it is going to pay and the agreed means of payment. For the exporter, this document means a documentary evidence of the sales that it has made in foreign markets. 

PACKING LIST  The Packing List is a more detailed version of the commercial invoice but without price information. It must include, inter alia, the following: invoice number, quantity and description of the goods, weight of the goods, number of packages, and shipping marks and numbers. A copy of the Packing List is often attached to the shipment itself and another copy is sent directly to the consignee to assist in checking the shipment when received. Although not required in all transactions, it is required by some countries and some buyers This document is prepared by the exporter and addressed to the importer, the carrier and the import customs clearance. 

DELIVERY NOTE Delivery Note is a document accompanying the shipment of goods that list description and quantity of goods delivered. A copy of the Delivery Note, signed by the buyer or consignee is returned to the seller or consignor as a proof of delivery. Delivery Notes have a dual function for the exporter: justify the removal of the products from its store and proof credit delivery to the importer and therefore it is important that de importer sign the copy provided by the carrier. For the importer, Delivery Notes serve to verify that the goods received match those listed on the purchase order or contract. For the carrier is the document used as a proof of delivery of the goods.

Abbreviation Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road CMR The International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations  FIATA  FIATA Bill of Lading FBL International Agreement /International Carriage of Goods by Rail CIM

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