Promoting resilience of UK tree species to novel pests and pathogens: ecological and evolutionary solutions

Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Initiative 1. Population structure and natural selection in the Chalara ash dieback fungus 2. Identifying genomic resources in Fraxinus  3. Biological pest control of insect pests that threaten tree health 4. New approaches for the early detection of tree health pests and pathogens  5. Promoting resilience of UK tree species to novel pests and pathogens: ecological and evolutionary solutions  6. Modelling economic impact of strategies to increase resilience against tree disease outbreaks 7. Understanding public risk concerns: social perception, interpretation and communication of tree health risks  Comment on proliferation of use of term

Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Initiative 1. Population structure and natural selection in the Chalara ash dieback fungus 2. Identifying genomic resources in Fraxinus  3. Biological pest control of insect pests that threaten tree health 4. New approaches for the early detection of tree health pests and pathogens  5. Promoting resilience of UK tree species to novel pests and pathogens: ecological and evolutionary solutions  6. Modelling economic impact of strategies to increase resilience against tree disease outbreaks 7. Understanding public risk concerns: social perception, interpretation and communication of tree health risks  ASH DIEBACK Comment on proliferation of use of term

Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Initiative 1. Population structure and natural selection in the Chalara ash dieback fungus 2. Identifying genomic resources in Fraxinus  3. Biological pest control of insect pests that threaten tree health 4. New approaches for the early detection of tree health pests and pathogens  5. Promoting resilience of UK tree species to novel pests and pathogens: ecological and evolutionary solutions  6. Modelling economic impact of strategies to increase resilience against tree disease outbreaks 7. Understanding public risk concerns: social perception, interpretation and communication of tree health risks  ASH DIEBACK METHODS Comment on proliferation of use of term

Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Initiative 1. Population structure and natural selection in the Chalara ash dieback fungus 2. Identifying genomic resources in Fraxinus  3. Biological pest control of insect pests that threaten tree health 4. New approaches for the early detection of tree health pests and pathogens  5. Promoting resilience of UK tree species to novel pests and pathogens: ecological and evolutionary solutions  6. Modelling economic impact of strategies to increase resilience against tree disease outbreaks 7. Understanding public risk concerns: social perception, interpretation and communication of tree health risks  ASH DIEBACK METHODS Comment on proliferation of use of term TREE SPECIES

Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Initiative 1. Population structure and natural selection in the Chalara ash dieback fungus 2. Identifying genomic resources in Fraxinus  3. Biological pest control of insect pests that threaten tree health 4. New approaches for the early detection of tree health pests and pathogens  5. Promoting resilience of UK tree species to novel pests and pathogens: ecological and evolutionary solutions  6. Modelling economic impact of strategies to increase resilience against tree disease outbreaks 7. Understanding public risk concerns: social perception, interpretation and communication of tree health risks  ASH DIEBACK METHODS Comment on proliferation of use of term TREE SPECIES SOCIAL & ECONOMIC FACTORS

Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Initiative 1. Population structure and natural selection in the Chalara ash dieback fungus 2. Identifying genomic resources in Fraxinus  3. Biological pest control of insect pests that threaten tree health 4. New approaches for the early detection of tree health pests and pathogens  5. Promoting resilience of UK tree species to novel pests and pathogens: ecological and evolutionary solutions  6. Modelling economic impact of strategies to increase resilience against tree disease outbreaks 7. Understanding public risk concerns: social perception, interpretation and communication of tree health risks  ASH DIEBACK METHODS Comment on proliferation of use of term TREE SPECIES SOCIAL & ECONOMIC FACTORS

Tree species Extended phenotype Organisms associated with tree Genotype Genetics of an individual tree All measurable traits of a tree varies with genotype, environment Organisms associated with tree

Rationale Want to protect species, but: Many different known pests / diseases Unknown threats Changing conditions

Rationale Want to protect species, but: Many different known pests / diseases Unknown threats Changing conditions So, increase resilience: Reduce susceptibility: Increase number of resistant genotypes allow adaptation Reduce tree stress Match tree to environment Find ways to manage this

PROTREE Objectives Using Scots pine as a case study Identify variation in 3 key threat species: Present, widespread Present, localised Not present, potential Measure variation in host tree species. Find management options for increasing resilience.

Experiment 1: Evolution of Dothistroma Needle Blight (DNB) Photo: Annika Perry

Experiment 2: Variation in resistance to DNB in Scots Pine Photo: Annika Perry

Experiment 3: Variation in resistance to Pine pitch canker in Scots Pine Photo: Steve Woodward

Experiment 4: Variation in resistance to Pinetree Lappet Moth in Scots Pine © Crown Copyright Forestry Commission

Experiment 5: Genetic diversity in Scots pine YAIR Warm Dry GLENSAUGH INVEREWE Scots pine common garden experiment 21 source populations 3 planting sites Figure: Glenn Iason