Bellringer 1st and 2nd: 1. Pick up the papers by the door. 2. Update your Toc: Page 75 (?): Notes – Roman Geo. And Origins Page 76: Rome Geo Packet 3. Write down your HW: Finish your Rome geography packet Consider getting a head start on your reading HW that will be assigned next class

Bellringer 6th: 1. Pick up a Scantron on your way to your seat. 2. Have a pencil out to write with.

After your test… 1. Update your Toc: 2. Write down your HW: 75: Notes – Roman Geo and Origins 76: Packet – Roman Geography 2. Write down your HW: Finish your Rome geography packet Consider getting a head start on your reading HW that will be assigned next class 3. Go to the URL below and fill out the course recommendation survey: http://tinyurl.com/AllenPreAPCR 4. Get started on your Rome geography packet if you have time remaining while others are working on the test.

Agenda: 1. Bellringer 2. Units 1-3 Cumulative Test Review 3. Notes: Roman Geography and Origins 4. Roman Geography Packet

Roman Geography: The Basics? Located in the central Mediterranean region Major geographic features: Mountains: Apennine Mountains Alps Rivers: Po River Tiber River

What’s Rome's geography like? Most of Italy = hilly and mountainous  only certain portions are arable Geographic barriers? Alps to north Seas to south, west, and east Climate? “Mediterranean” climate (generally rainy in winter, hot in summer) Resources include: Wheat, grapes, olives, limestone, copper, iron, timber Being on the coast trade thrived throughout Rome and the Mediterranean World. Rome was Strategically located in the centre of the Mediterranean region so they could easily reach the Middle East, Greece, Spain, and North Africa. Fertile land was located in 3 main areas: The Northern Plains (enriched by the Po River) Latium (enriched by phosphate from volcanoes) Campania (enriched by phosphate from volcanoes) The Land did not produce enough food to support the Population increase. What to do? Set up colonies (similar to Greece) Wheat, grape and olive production Limestone Marble Concrete (mixed volcanic dust with water) Copper Imported tin to mix with it to make bronze. Iron Timber from the Apennine Mountains

What’s is Good/Bad about Rome’s Geography? Good Things: Bad Things: Geographic barriers for protection Harbors in the western half of the peninsula =  Rome = located in center of peninsula  good location for trade, travel, communication, etc. - Can easily get to Greece, N. Africa, Spain, etc. Most of Italy = not tons of arable land  can’t grow enough food to sustain population  causes colonies to form Harbors on the eastern half of peninsula = 

SO, who lives in Italy?

1. The Etruscans Etruscans = their origins are kind of a mystery Numerous hypotheses: Indigenous to the region (first people to live there)? Migrated to peninsula from 1000 BCE? Lived in northern part of peninsula (north of Rome) Influenced Roman culture

Etruscan influences on Rome: ARCHITECTURE: MYSTICISM: SPORTING EVENTS: Arches/domes Aqueducts Bridges Cuniculus (irrigation system) Believed gods gave people signs in nature to indicate how they felt about the people’s behaviors Spectator sports = very popular EX: Wrestling, boxing, discus, gladiator combat, chariot racing

Gladiator video: https://www. youtube. com/watch

2. The Latins Originated in central Europe, moved to central Italy United via common language (this is where Latin comes from) Divided into city-states What happened to them? Either allied with Rome or defeated by Rome

Latin influences on Rome: LANGUAGE: Latin language adopted by Rome is taken from the Latins

3. The Greeks Not native to Italian peninsula Settled there in Greek colonies

Greek influences on Rome: ART: MYTHOLOGY: ARCHITECTURE: Greek art = model for Roman sculpture, paintings, etc. Pottery is done in similar styles Same gods, different names Greek column styles are copied (and modified) by Rome Monuments/buildings are done in Greek style

What’s next? 1. Work on your Roman geography packet. There are maps to complete as well as a reading and questions to answer. 2. If you finish this early, consider getting a head start on your first reading assignment for the Rome unit.

What’s next? http://tinyurl.com/AllenPreAPCR