Bonding The force that holds two or more atoms together

Bond Types Ionic - metal and non metal salts oxides Covalent between non metals only Metallic between metals only James

Ionic Bonds Between Metal and NON metal Transfer of electrons from metal to non metal creating positive CATIONS & negative ANIONS Creates an electrostatic charge between cation and anion Electronegativity difference GREATER than 1.7 Basic Unit is the FORMULA UNIT

Properties of Ionic Bonds Hard, brittle Solids Form crystals Good conductors of heat and electricity ONLY in molten state or in SOLUTION. Poor conductors in solid state. High Melting Points High Boiling Points

Terms to Know Crystal Lattice - a three (3) dimensional geometric arrangement of particles Lattice Energy- the energy required to separate one mole of ions in a crystal lattice. (the energy to break apart a lattice structure) Endothermic Exothermic

Terms to Know (cont.) Formula Unit- the simplest ratio of the ions represented in an ionic compound Monatomic ion- a one atom ion Ex: Na+ Mg+2 Al+3

Terms to Know con’t Endothermic -- Takes in heat energy, absorbs heat Exothermic-- Exits heat, releases heat, heat goes out Electrolyte– An ionic compound that conducts electricity

Examples OXIDES- Metal and oxygen Salts- An ionic compound made from the cation of a base and an anion from an acid NaCl, MgSO4, CaCl2 Sodium chloride magnesium sulfate calcium chloride OXIDES- Metal and oxygen MgO, Na2O, CaO, Al2O3 magnesium oxide sodium oxide calcium oxide aluminum oxide