Intro to AP Statistics and Exam 08.16.2016

Talk for a few minutes about the HW Reading

Pilot Activity

What is Statistics and why do we care? Why do we care about learning statistics

What is Statistics and why do we care? “Statistics is the science of data” –The Practice of Statistics “The practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities” –Oxford Dictionary Why do we care about learning statistics?

What is Statistics and why do we care? “Statistics is the science of data” –The Practice of Statistics “The practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities” Why do we care about learning statistics? Allows us to draw conclusions in an unbiased manner Not relying on opinions or anecdotes Allows us to draw conclusions about an entire population from a subset of the population If done well, allows us to present information in a way that others can understand

Before anything else…let’s go check out textbooks Off to the library If you already have one, you do not need to come

A Quick Note about the AP Statistics Class This class will be different from any other math class that you have ever taken It will be less about crunching numbers More about critical thinking and problem-solving More word problems than you’re used to More writing than you’re used to But…it is still a math class Still using numbers to answer questions That is what math is all about

The Structure of the Exam Exploring Data (20-30%) Sampling and Experimentation (10-15%) Anticipating Patterns (20-30%) Statistical Inference (30-40%)

Exploring Data (20-30%) Describing patterns and departures from patterns Exploratory analysis of data makes use of graphical and numerical techniques to study patterns and departures from patterns. Emphasis is placed on interpreting information from graphical and numerical displays and summaries Chapters 1, 2, and 3

Sampling and Experimentation (10-15%) Planning and conducting a study Asking questions, choosing a method, collecting data, and utilizing that data Essentially applying statistics to the scientific method Chapter 4

Anticipating Patterns (20-30%) Exploring random phenomena using probability and simulation Using probability as a tool to anticipate what the data should look like under certain conditions Chapters 5,6,7 & 10

Statistical Inference (20-30%) Estimating population parameters and testing hypotheses (30-40%) Choosing the correct model Statistical significance Chapters 8,9, 11, & 12

Test Day May 17th, 2018 3 hours long 2 sections—each worth 50% of the grade Multiple choice (90 minutes) 40 questions Free-response (90 minutes) 6 questions You can use your graphing calculator

Preparing for the AP Exam This class should prepare you to do well on the test In April/May we will have several class periods devoted solely to test preparation If you WANT to buy an additional test prep book, you are welcome to do so But you do not have to

Grades 1-5 YOU DO NOT NEED TO GET EVERY QUESTION RIGHT TO GET A 5 College credit (usually) for a 4 or a 5 YOU DO NOT NEED TO GET EVERY QUESTION RIGHT TO GET A 5 You will get some questions wrong—that is okay It changes every year, but in 2007 (the first year I looked at), if you got half of the multiple choice questions right, and half of the free-response points, you would get a 4 on the AP test You can do it! My job is to help

Questions? Any questions about the AP Exam?

Go over the Syllabus

1.1 Analyzing Categorical Data Individuals and variables Categorical vs quantitative variables Bar charts and pie charts Distributions Two-way tables + Conditional distribution Marginal distribution

Individuals and Variables What is an individual? What is a variable?

Individuals and Variables What is an individual? The unit that we are observing/asking questions about Can be individual people, or countries, or schools, or cars, or anything else What is a variable? Characteristics of these individuals that change from individual to individual

For example…

Categorical vs Quantitative Variables What is the difference?

Categorical vs Quantitative Variables What is the difference? Categorical: gender, race, what country one is from, etc. Quantitative: age, income, gas mileage, etc. Looking back at the cars, identify the categorical variables

Pie vs Bar When is a pie chart more appropriate? When is a bar graph more appropriate?

Pie vs Bar When is a pie chart more appropriate? When comparing one category to the whole When is a bar graph more appropriate? When comparing categories to each other

Pie vs Bar You will be asked to make bar graphs and pie charts on the homework This is pretty straightforward More complicated, you’ll be asked whether it is appropriate to use a pie chart in a certain situation ONLY IF YOU HAVE EVERY CATEGORY So if I only know what percentages of cars are red and blue, I can’t make a pie chart But I could still make a bar graph

Pie vs. Bar Bar graphs can be used in more regularly They have their own problems though Y-axis Width of bars

Two-way Tables AP Stats Students Male Female Total 2nd Block 11 22 6th Block 6 17 39

Marginal Distribution Using the table on the previous slide, how would we calculate the marginal distribution?

Marginal Distribution AP Stats Students Male Female Total Percent 2nd Block 11 22 56.4% 6th Block 6 17 43.9% 39 So…the marginal distribution of gender would look like: Male 43.9% Female 56.4%

Conditional Distribution A conditional distribution is similar to a marginal distribution But for only one value of a certain variable So, if we wanted to know the distribution of gender within 6th Block (also known as the conditional distribution of 6th block), it would look like this: Male 35.3% Female 64.7%

You try Male Female AP Statistics 17 22 Algebra II 47 60 1. Find the marginal distribution of gender 2. Find the marginal distribution of course 3. Find the conditional distribution for Males 4. Find the conditional distribution for Algebra II

You try Male Female AP Statistics 17 22 Algebra II 47 60 1. Find the marginal distribution of gender 43.8% Male, 56.2% Female 2. Find the marginal distribution of course 26.7% AP Stats, 73.3% Algebra II 3. Find the conditional distribution for Males 26.6% AP Stats, 73.4% Alg II 4. Find the conditional distribution for Algebra II 43.9% Male, 56.1% Female

Homework Time See homework sheet One note: Your textbook will sometimes ask you to follow the four-step process I don’t care if you do this or not