Articles of Confederation Chapter 7: Confederation to Constitution EQ: How do new ideas change the way people live? Articles of Confederation Constitutional Convention Constitution

Timeline 1777 Patriots win the battles of Saratoga Articles of Confederation Adopted 1781 Articles of Confederation go into Effect British surrender at Yorktown 1783 Treaty of Paris officially ends the Revolutionary War 1786 – 1787 Shay’s Rebellion in Massachusetts 1787 Constitutional Convention held in Philadelphia United States Constitution is written 1788 United States Constitution is Ratified 1789 George Washington becomes the first President of the United States

Creating a New Constitution Chapter 7, Lesson 2 Creating a New Constitution EQ: How do new ideas change the way people live?

Ch. 7, Lesson 2: Academic Vocabulary (pg.190) depression manumission compromise

Constitutional Convention of 1787 Shay’s Rebellion and economic depression led to a convention in Philadelphia in 1787. Delegates wanted to REWRITE the Articles of Confederation. After much debate, they ended up trashing the Articles and writing an entirely new document: OUR CONSTITUTION.

12 states sent delegates to the Constitutional Convention. Rhode Island didn’t attend. 55 delegates to the Constitutional Convention became known as our Founding Fathers. James Madison: known as the “father of the Constitution because he wrote it.

The delegates to the convention didn’t want to be pressured by the politics of the day. They posted guards at the doors and kept the windows closed and locked to keep people from spying on the meetings and spreading news of what was going on.

May 29, 1787, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention got down to the business of forming a new government. Challenge : How to set up a STRONG, but LIMITED federal (national) government? Strong enough to keep the country together, but not so strong as to become oppressive like the kings in England.

Liberty Kids As you watch the video, answer the questions.

The Virginia Plan Madison & Edmund Randolph wrote the plan. STRONGER national government Gov. would have 3 branches Legislature = makes laws Executive branch (President) = enforce the laws Judicial branch = interpret the laws

Each state would have representatives in the legislature according to the population of that state. PROBLEM: States with large population (Virginia) would have more representatives, than small states ( Connecticut)!!

The New Jersey Plan William Paterson presented the plan Wanted a STRONGER State government Small states didn’t like the idea of the bigger states having more of a voice in the government. Each state would have an EQUAL # of representatives in Congress no matter how big or small the state.

The Great Compromise To keep both the big and small states =) Delegates came up with a compromise. Legislative branch would have 2 houses (bicameral), but representation would be different in each house.

Representation Based on population The Great Compromise Legislative Branch (Congress) Senate Equal Representation 2 Senators from each State House of Representatives Representation Based on population

Slavery and the Constitution Representation in the House of Representatives based on population PROBLEM: Who would be counted in that population? Slaves?

The 3/5th Compromise Slaves counted for REPRESENTATION in the House of Representative. However, slaves would have no rights guaranteed by the government Once again, the delegates compromised. They agreed to allow the slave states to count 3/5ths of their slaves for representation in the House. https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ushistory/constitutionalconvention/

Activity: Constitutional Convention Pretend you are a reporter who happens to be at the Constitutional Convention Write a 2 paragraph newspaper article reporting on the Constitutional Convention Write a quick draft using your Summary Include information: Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan, Great Compromise, and 3/5th Compromise Proof read it Write a final draft on the Newspaper template Draw an image

Activity: Read pg. 212-215. Answer questions in complete sentences. Why are the following ideas important? Popular sovereignty Limited government What is the difference between enumerated powers and reserved powers? Give an example of each. What are concurrent powers, provide one example. What is separation of powers? Why is it important? What is the purpose of the system of checks and balances? Which individual right in the Bill of Rights is more important to you, and why?

Key Principles of the US Constitution Popular sovereignty Republic (representative government) Limited government Federalism Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Individual Rights

Federalists vs. Anti-federalists Constitution was written, but it had to be ratified (agreed) to by the states. People in favor of the Constitution= FEDERALISTS. People opposed to the Constitution =called ANTI-FEDERALISTS.

Federalism A system of government in which power is shared between the central or (federal) government and the state governments. Federal Government State Governments

Federal vs. State Gov. Federalists Anti-federalists Favor Federal gov. stronger than the State governments. Constitution took too much power away from state gov. Did not guarantee people’s rights. Afraid that the federal gov. would become too powerful, like the kings.

Federalists Anti-federalists Supported removing some powers from the states and giving more powers to the Federal Government Wanted important political powers to remain with the states Favored dividing powers among different branches of government Wanted the Legislative Branch to have more power than the Executive Branch Proposed a single person to lead the Executive Branch Feared that a strong executive might become a king or a tyrant Believed a Bill of Rights needed to be added to the Constitution to protect people’s rights

The Federalist Papers Three politicians wrote The Federalist Papers and printed in New York newspapers. The Federalist papers argued in favor of ratifying the Constitution. John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison wrote the Federalist Papers.

Nation was divided between Federalists and the Anti – federalists. Federalists outnumbered the Anti-federalists. Founding Fathers didn’t want the country to be divided. So, they agreed to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution. This convinced Virginia and New York to agree to ratification. Finally, by 1790, North Carolina and Rhode Island joined the other states and everyone was in agreement.

The Bill of Rights James Madison drafted the Bill of Rights and sent these ten amendments to the Constitution to the states for ratification. In 1791 these rights became law.