Odontology Chapter 18 Objectives: Students will… Name all the structures and tissues of the tooth Identify teeth by the Universal/National Numbering System and FDI system Identify surfaces of the teeth Identify conditions of the teeth Demonstrate proper brushing and flossing techniques Standard: (17) Understand principles of and successfully perform skills related to Dental Assisting, incorporating rubrics from textbooks or clinical standards of practice for the following: a. Identifying teeth using the Federation Dentaire International Numbering System b. Demonstrate brushing and flossing techniques

Types of Dentition Odontology – study of the anatomy growth and diseases of the teeth. Teeth are accessory organs in the digestive system Used to masticate (chew) food. Each individual has 2 sets of teeth (Dentitions) Deciduous (primary) first teeth Mixed dentition- both deciduous and succedaneous teeth Succedaneous (permant)

Deciduous A newborn starts out with 44 tooth buds At 6 months buds begin to erupt to form deciduous dentition By 2-3 years 20 deciduous teeth have erupted Used for spacing, mastication, and speech -Labeled A-T How old is this child?

Deciduous Dentition

Mixed Dentition Deciduous teeth begin to be lost and replaced by succedaneous teeth Succedaneous teeth begin to erupt between 5-6 years of age This process of replacing deciduous teeth with succedaneous continues until 17-20 years of age Third molars (wisdom teeth erupt) 17-20 yr

Succedaneous Dentition Permanent teeth have erupted by around 20 years of age 32 permanent teeth Labeled 1-32

Dentition Review Which dentition consists of 32 teeth? Which dentition consists of both deciduous and succedaneous teeth? When do deciduous begin to erupt? What age does mixed dentition occur? When do succedaneous teeth begin to erupt? At what age should the wisdom teeth erupt? How are deciduous teeth labeled? How are succedaneous teeth labeled? What is the function of deciduous dentition?

Structures of the Tooth Both Deciduous and Succedaneous Dentition have the same tooth structure 4 tooth sections Add these terms to your notes on p. 554 Crown Root Bifurcated trifurcated Cervix Apex

where nerves and blood vessels enter the tooth Section of tooth visible in mouth; protected by enamel Cervix - Section where the crown joins the root; cemento-enamel junction Section of tooth below the gingiva (gums), covered by cementum; anchors tooth into bony socket (2 roots= bifurcated; 3 roots = trifurcated) Apex The tip of the root of the tooth which contains an opening called the apical foramen where nerves and blood vessels enter the tooth

Tissues of the tooth 4 main tissues of the tooth Add these terms to your notes p. 556 Enamel Cementum Dentin Pulp Gingiva

Tissues of the Tooth Enamel- hardest tissue in the body covers the crown, protective layer Dentine-bulk of the tooth, carries pain and temperature sensations Pulp-soft tissue innermost of tooth, vessels and nerves Cementum-hard bonelike tissue covering the root protection and holds tooth in place. Gingiva- gums epithelial tissue and mucous membrane

Draw and Label the structures and Tissues of the tooth add to your notes

Parts of the tooth review Which part of the tooth contains a passage way for nerves and blood vessels? What is the passageway for nerves and blood vessels called? Which part of the tooth is considered the neck, where the crown and root join? If a tooth has 2 roots, it is called _______. If a tooth has 3 roots, it is called _______. The part of the tooth which is visible is called the ______. Cerv- refers to ______.

IDENTIFYING THE TEETH Deciduous- labeled A-T Succedaneous- labeled 1-32

Indentification 4 types of teeth Add these terms to your notes p. 558 What is the purpose of each? Incisors Cuspids Bicuspids Molars

Incisor Cute or bite food Central and lateral incisors Used to pronounce what? M.E. Mermigas, DDS

Canine Tear food Longest Corners of the mouth What animal also has Canine teeth? What do they look like on that animal? M.E. Mermigas, DDS

Bicuspid Located before molars Pulverize or grind food Are these found in deciduous dentition? M.E. Mermigas, DDS

Molar Located in the back of the mouth Largest and strongest Chew and grind food Why is the surface flat? M.E. Mermigas, DDS

Federation dentaire internation system System of numbering the teeth Permanent teeth 4 quadrants of the mouth are assigned a number Maxillary right 1 Maxillary left 2 Mandibular left 3 Mandibular right 4

The teeth in each quadrant are labeled 1-8 beginning with the central incisor and ending with the second molar The number of the quadrant is written first Then the number of the tooth Ex. the right maxillary central incisor 11 1(quadrant 1) 1( tooth number 1) Ex. Mandibular left lateral 32 3 (quadrant 3) 2 (tooth number 2) P. 562 FDi

Surfaces of a tooth

Codes are used when documenting conditon of teeth in the dental record

Common Conditions of the teeth HALITOSIS – BAD BREATH GINGIVITIS – INFLAMMATION OF GUMS

Cavities- small holes in the teeth due to plaque build up that destroys the enamel of the tooth Chipped tooth- treatment depends on whether the pulp of the tooth is damaged. If not resin can be bonded to the tooth. If the pulp is affected a root canal may be needed. Impacted teeth- an adult tooth that does not come in properly causing it to be stuck again another tooth. The impacted tooth can be removed by an oral surgeon. Hyperdontia- extra teeth, treated by surgical removal and orthodontics.

Have we covered all of our objectives? Draw these instruments and add to your notes

Proper Brushing and Flossing Brushing Steps personal 1. wash hands 2. wet tooth brush and apply paste 3. hold brush at a 45 degree angle to gum line 4. use short back and forth movements 5. repeat on lingual surfaces of the teeth 6. brush the tongue, cheeks, and roof of the mouth 7. Rinse mouth and brush Look up procedure for brushing a patients teeth on p. 595 How does this procedure differ and why?

Flossing steps personal 1. wash hands 2. remove 12-18 inches of floss 3. wrap floss around middle fingers of both hands 4. gently insert floss between teeth do not snap the floss. 6. slide the floss back and forth 7. use a new area of floss for each section 8. rinse mouth Procedure for a patient is located on p.599 How is this different?

Objectives Name all the structures and tissues of the tooth Identify teeth by the Universal/National Numbering System and FDI system Identify surfaces of the teeth Identify conditions of the teeth Demonstrate proper brushing and flossing techniques Have we met our objectives?

Activity Create a mouth model. Number the teeth according to the Federal Dentaire International System (quadrants, #’s) Label the types of teeth incisor canine bicuspid molar (draw/cut out each in the proper shape) Label the surfaces of the teeth. *See example mouth