1. Human Dentition Introduction Dental Anatomy Includes:
1- Nomenclature & terminology.
2- The external morphology and internal composition of individual teeth.
3-How tooth form serves its function.
4- The relationship of teeth to each other and to the jaw bones.

2. Dental Anatomy Nomenclature
The Jaws & Dental Arches

3. The Jaws and Dental Arches
A. The maxilla is two bones forming
the upper jaw;
they are rigidly attached to the skull.
B. The mandible is a horse-shoe shaped bone which articulates with the skull by way of the temporo-mandibular joint the TMJ.

4. Quadrants: right & left quadrants
Maxillary right
and left.
Mandibular right
4 Quadrants
Right
Left

5. Functions of Teeth 1- Mastication: Incisors Canine Premolars Molars
teeth are designed to perform this function.
Incisors
Canine
Premolars
Molars
Chisel like
Cutting or
incising
At least two
projections
(cusps).
Tearing and
grinding
Wedge like
Cutting
and
tearing
Multiple
projections
(cusps)
Grinding

6. 2- Appearance: 3- Speech: 4- Growth of jaws:
- Well arranged clean teeth with proper alignment give nice appearance to the face. – Teeth give support to the facial expressions.
3- Speech:
for clear pronunciation and production of sound.
4- Growth of jaws:
The teeth play a role in the growth of the jaws in some periods of life.

7. Types of Teeth

8. Types of Teeth Anterior Teeth Posterior Teeth for
cutting & tearing food
Posterior Teeth

9. Anterior Teeth- Upper
Canine
lateral Central
Incisors

10. Anterior Teeth- Lower
lateral - Central
Incisors
Canine

11. Premolars: (in permanent only)
Upper
First premolar
&
Second premolar
Lower

12. Molars: Upper Lower First & second Wisdom tooth =
Third permanent molar

13. Types of Dentitions: Primary & Permanent Dentition

14. Types of Dentitions: I-Primary Dentition Deciduous ,baby, milk teeth:
a. Twenty ( 20)
primary teeth.
b. 10 in each arch
c in each quadrant
In function:
2 years  12 years

15. I-Primary Dentition

16. Mixed Dentition Period
6 years  12 years
Eruption of
first permanent molar
Shedding of
last primary
molar

17. 6 years  eruption of first permanent molar

18. 12 years  Shedding of last primary molar

19. II-Permanent Dentition
In function:
12 years
through out
life

20. Permanent Teeth

21. Tooth Identification Systems Numbering or Coding Systems
Palmer Notation System
Universal System
International FDI System
(two digit system)

22. 1-Palmer Notation System
for Permanent Teeth
Right
Left
1 - 8 1 1
8 - 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 7
8 - 1 6
1 - 8 5 4 3 1 2

23. The permanent teeth are numbered
It represents the four quadrants of the dentition
as if you are facing the patient.
In upper right In upper left
In lower right In lower left
Horizontal and vertical lines = symbol for the quadrant
The permanent teeth are numbered
from 1-8 on each side from the midline.
Upper right Upper left
Lower right Lower left

24. Palmer Notation System
for Primary Teeth A B C
E-A
A-E D E
A-E
E-A

25. The deciduous teeth are lettered
from A-E on each side from the midline
Upper right Upper left
E D C B A A B C D E
Lower right Lower left

26. Palmer Notation System

27. 2-The International Numbering System “FDI” Federation Dentaire International (the two digit system)
The teeth are designated by using two-digits:
The first digit of the code is located at the left side of the number and indicates the quadrant:
In permanent dentition In deciduous dentition
U.R U.L U.R U.L
L.R L. L L.R L.L.

28. 2-International System (Two Digit System) “FDI” Federation Dentaire International
For permanent Teeth 11 21 12 22 13 23 14 24 15 25 16 26 17 27 18 28
First Digit = quadrant 38 48 1 2 37 47 36 46 4 3 45 35 44 34 43 33 42 41 32 31

29. Permanent teeth Second Digit = Tooth number in the quadrant
b- The second digit is located at the right side of the number
and indicates the number of the tooth in the quadrant.
The two digits should be pronounced separately.
Permanent teeth

30. 2-International System (Two Digit System) “FDI” Federation Dentaire International
For Primary Teeth 51 61 52 62 53 63 54 64
First Digit = quadrant 55 5 6 65
First Digit = quadrant 8 7 85 5 6 75 84 8 7 74 83 73 82 72 81 71

31. Primary Teeth For Primary Teeth 5 6 First Digit = quadrant 8 7
Second Digit = Tooth number in the quadrant
Primary Teeth

33. Universal system
for
Permanent Teeth

34. Universal System for Primary Teeth

35. Macro & Micro-anatomy of Teeth
crown
neck
root

36. Surrounding Bone: Crypt  developing tooth Socket  erupted tooth root

37. Anatomical Crown & Clinical Crown

38. Single-rooted Multi-rooted

39. Micro-anatomy of Teeth

40. Pulp Cavity 1-Coronal pulp: Pulp chamber Pulp horns 2-Radicular pulp:
Root canal
Apical foramen

41. Pulp Cavity in Root
2-Radicular pulp:
Root canal
Apical foramen

42. Surfaces of Teeth

43. Surfaces of teeth are identified by the relationship to surrounding orofacial structures
Each tooth has
Five surfaces:
Facial
Lingual,
Mesial, and
Distal (proximal)
Functioning surf.
(Incisal) occlusal,

44. FACIAL SURFACE any surface on the outside (towards the face)
LABIAL is facial surface of the anterior teeth (green),
2. BUCCAL is the facial surface of the posterior teeth (blue).

45. Surfaces in between two teeth:
Inter-proximal
surfaces:
Surfaces in between two teeth:
Facing towards the midline: MESIAL.
Facing away from the midline:  DISTAL

46. LINGUAL The surfaces facing the tongue
palatal
PALATAL
on the maxilla.

47. Functioning Surfaces: chewing/biting surfaces of teeth :
OCCLUSAL: chewing surfaces of
posterior teeth
INCISAL: the anteriors’
biting surface

48. Line and Point Angles
Division into Thirds

49. Line and Point Angles Line angle: Point angle:
It is formed by the junction
of two surfaces
and its name is derived
from both surfaces
Point angle:
It is formed by the junction
of three surfaces
and its name is derived
from these surfaces.

50. Line Angles
of Anterior Teeth

51. Line Angles
of Posterior Teeth

52. Point Angles
Meeting of 3 surfaces

53. Division into Thirds

54. Anatomical Landmarks of the Crown
Developmental data:
Lobe:
It is one of the primary centers of calcification and growth formed during the crown development.
Each tooth begins to develop from four lobes or more.
The pulp chamber has pulp horns corresponding to these lobes.

55. Anterior teeth
premolars

56. Maxillary molars
Mandibular molars

57. A- Crown Elevations: 3-Cusps 1-Mamelons 2-Cingulum
They are three small rounded projections of enamel present in the incisal third of newly erupted incisors
It is the bulge on the cervical third of lingual surface of the crown in anterior teeth
They are pyramidal projections on the incisal portion of the canine and on the occlusal surfaces of the premolars and molars

58. 4-Tubercle
It is a small elevation produced by excessive formation of enamel.
Tubercle is noticed at :
the palatal surface of E & 6
sometimes at the lingual surface of
incisors over the cingulum.
N.B. Tubercle differs from cusp , it is formed of enamel only while cusp is formed of pulp horn covered by dentin and enamel.

59. 5-Ridges Marginal Linear Triangular Linear ridges:
Ridge or elevation of enamel forming the margin of the surface of a tooth;
on mesial /distal margins of lingual surfaces anterior
teeth.
mesial & distal margins of occlusal surfaces posterior teeth
Linear ridges:
Elevated portions of tooth run in a
line named for their location
Cervical
Incisal
Labial
Buccal
Lingual
Transverse Ridge
Oblique Ridge

60. B-Crown Depressions Linear Depressions Irregular Depressions 1-Fossa
1-Developmental
grooves:
Shallow grooves that
separate cusps or primary
parts of teeth
1-Fossa
Depression or concavity
2- Supplemental
grooves:
Lingual
fossa
Small , irregularly placed
auxiliary grooves.
Branches from developmental grooves.
They do not denote union of primary lobes.
The third molars followed by second permanent molars are characterized by high number of supplemental grooves.
triangular
fossae
Central
fossa

61. Irregular Depressions
Linear Depressions
Irregular Depressions
3- Fissures
2- PITS:
Found in the bottom of developmental grooves.
Result from incomplete union of the primary lobes.
Represent a fault in enamel.
b- FAULTY PIT:
Develop as a result
of incomplete formation of
enamel.
It is located at the end of
the buccal developmental
grooves of the lower molars or palatal developmental
grooves of the upper molars.