1. Dental Anatomy & Physiology

2. Anatomy of the Skull
Jaw Bone
– Maxilla upper
– Mandible lower

3. Oral Anatomy – Teeth Oral anatomy Tooth Central Incisor
Lateral Incisor
Canine
First Premolar
Second Premolar
First Molar
Second Molar
Third Molar

4. Oral Anatomy – Teeth Incisor – four front teeth either jaw
Central Incisor –first tooth on either side of center line of face
Lateral Incisor – second tooth from center line of face
Canine – single tooth separating incisors and molars on both jaws, third tooth from center line of face

5. Oral Anatomy – Teeth Molars – grinding teeth
First Premolar – fourth tooth from centerline of face
Second Premolar – fifth tooth from centerline of face
First Molar – sixth tooth from centerline of face
Second Molar – seventh tooth from centerline of face
Third Molar/wisdom tooth – eight tooth from centerline of face

6. Oral Anatomy
Tonsil
Uvula
Tongue
Gingiva (Gums)

7. Oral Anatomy Tonsil – mass of special lymph tissue
Uvula – small tissue projecting in the middle
of palate in throat
Tongue – organ of speech and taste
Gingiva (Gums) – the tissue that surrounds the
tooth

8. Tooth Anatomy Crown Neck Root Enamel Dentin Pulp Cementum
Periodontal Membrane
Nerve and blood supply

9. Tooth Anatomy Crown – the part of the tooth you see
Neck –the tooth at the gum line
Root – part of the tooth connecting to jaw
Enamel – the bony covering of the crown
Dentin – hard substance surrounding the pulp
Pulp – contains nerves for sensing heat cold and pressure and blood vessels for nourishing the tooth

10. Tooth Anatomy
Cementum – sensitive, bonelike structure covering the root
Periodontal Membrane – tissue lining tooth socket
Nerve and blood supply – feeds nutrients to the pulp provides nerve path ways

11. Gum Anatomy Gingiva (gum) Gingiva Crevice Alveolar Bone
Periodontal Ligament

12. Gum Anatomy
Gingiva (gum) – soft tissue covering the jaw bones and surrounding the teeth
Gingiva Crevice – soft tissue going down into the
upper part of the tooth socket
Periodontal Ligament - the fibrous, net-like tendon that holds our teeth in their sockets
Alveolar Bone - can best be described as a thin layer of compact bone that forms the tooth socket
surrounding the roots of teeth

13. Professional Dental Examination
Tooth decay is one of the most common of all
disorders, second only to the common cold
Regular dental visits are essential for maintaining healthy teeth and gums
The cleaning/prophylaxis is performed by a
dentist or dental hygienist

14. Professional Dental Examination
Plaque – a thin transparent film on the tooth
surface, containing much bacteria, if not removed it forms tartar
Uses sugar and other carbohydrates to form acids which deteriorates tooth enamel which leads to cavities

15. Plaque/Tartar that forms
along the gum line produces toxins that cause redness, swelling and bleeding of the
gums which is a condition known as gingivitis
Periodontitis
If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to a more advanced stage of gum disease called periodontitis

16. Professional Dental Examination
Calculus – any abnormal stony mass or deposit
formed in the body, as in the kidney or gallbladder, or on teeth, advanced stage of tartar
The result of minerals (example: various salts, such as calcium phosphate, dental calculus) in saliva combining with plaque to form a rough deposit on the teeth

17. Calculus
Your toothbrush and dental floss cannot remove calculus once it has formed; it can only be removed during a regular dental prophylaxis or cleaning.
Individuals vary greatly in their susceptibility to plaque and calculus
For many, these deposits build up faster as we age.

18. Prophylaxis/Cleaning
Scaling and polishing procedure performed to remove normal plaque, calculus and stains on teeth
While the main objective of prophylaxis is to prevent gum disease it can also improve the appearance of teeth

19. Polishing Prophylaxis
Scaling is performed using hand tools instruments or the ultrasonic prophylaxis to remove calculus from the teeth
Polishing
Polishing with a special paste by means of a
dental handpiece removes remaining plaque and stains

20. Fluoride and Tooth Decay
Tooth enamel is the very hard outer layer covering your teeth and consists of many closely-packed rods made of minerals
When you eat, acid (plaque) forms on the outside of the tooth and seeps into the enamel’s
rods
Decay
This demineralization
process can produce a
weak spot on the tooth’s
surface which can lead
to decay

21. Fluoride and Tooth Decay
Fluoride helps prevent tooth decay by slowing the breakdown of enamel and speeding up the natural remineralization process
Common sources of fluoride
Fluoridated water
Toothpaste
Mouth rinse
If you happen to live in an area where the
water does not have enough fluoridation your
dentist can provide fluoride gels, rinses, drops
and tablet supplements

22. Dental Specialties Dentist: a person whose profession is the care
of teeth and the surrounding soft tissues including the prevention and elimination of decay, the replacement of missing teeth with artificial ones.
Orthodontics: the branch of dentistry concerned with diagnosing, correcting and preventing irregularities of the teeth:
Corrects for crowded, misaligned teeth and bite Problems
Can be performed on both children and adults

23. Dental Specialist (cont)
Periodontic: the branch of dentistry concerned
with diseases of the bone and tissue supporting
the teeth
Endondontic: the branch of dentistry that treats disorders of the pulp and performs root-canal
Oral Surgeon – the branch of dentistry dealing
with the surgical treatment of disorders and
disease of the teeth, gums, and jaw
Pediadontic – the branch of dentistry dealing
with the care and treatment of children’s teeth