Kennedy’s Foreign Policy Identify and evaluate the new ways that Kennedy sought to deal with the challenges and fears of the Cold War

3 tab Foldable Write each of the following on a tab of your foldable: John F. Kennedy, Flexible Response, The Peace Corps Read pages 846 – 847 and write notes for each

Alliance for Progress Purpose to build up economies for poor Latin American nations Reduce the appeal of communism

Cuba’s Revolution Fidel Castro seized power in January, 1959 Set up a communist government Cuba – 90 miles south of Florida

Plan to Overthrow Castro Developed by CIA while Eisenhower was president Recruited Cuban exiles forced to flee Exiles land in Cuba and start an uprising; hoped others would join them and rebel

Bay of Pigs April 17, 1961 invasion began 1500 Cuban exiles Mistakes happened Kennedy refused to provide air support Cuban forces crush invasion within days Captured survivors

Effects of Invasion Kennedy no longer completely trusted military and CIA advice Latin America lost trust in Kennedy Khrushchev begins to think Kennedy is not a strong leader and can be bullied

Berlin West Berlin full member of Western Alliance East Berlin controlled by Soviet Union American, British, and French forces stationed in West Berlin irritated Soviet Union led to conflict

East Germans flee to West Berlin for economic reasons and freedom June, 1961 – Vienna, Austria: Khrushchev insists west must move out by end of year Kennedy sent more troops to the city

Berlin Wall August 13, 1961 with Soviet backing border between East and West Berlin is closed Wall of concrete blocks with barbed wire built Soviets post armed guards

Berlin wall cuts most communication between two parts of the city Wall symbolized communist oppression

Stretched 28 miles through the middle of Berlin and another 75 miles around West Berlin

Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 – most dangerous Cold War crisis Mid-October US spy plane discovered Soviets building launching sites for nuclear missiles

Missiles could reach US within minutes Kennedy meets with advisors Explore ideas including invading Cuba and bombing missile sites

Oct. 22, 1962 – Kennedy appears on TV revealing the buildup of Soviet missiles in Cuba Ordered Navy blockaded to close off Cuba until Soviets remove missiles Threatened to destroy Soviet ships if they broke through blockade

Soviet ships turn back Soviets agree to remove missiles from Cuba US agrees not to invade Cuba and to remove missiles from Turkey

Kennedy and Khrushchev work to build better relations 1963 hotline set up for instant communication Signed a treaty banning nuclear tests

Space Race April, 1961 – Soviet pilot Yuri Gagarin becomes first person to orbit the Earth May, 1961 – Alan Shepard, Jr. first American to make a space flight

Kennedy sets goal – landing man on moon by the end of the decade Congress funded NASA – expanded Florida launching facility and built control center in Houston

February, 1962 – John Glenn, first American to orbit Earth July 20, 1969 – spacecraft Eagle landed on the moon; Neil Armstrong took first step “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”