Marine Science 1.

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Presentation transcript:

Marine Science 1

Marine Science A MRS. VITA Exploring the Oceans Marine Science A MRS. VITA

Approximately 70% of the Earth’s surface is Ocean Ninety-eight percent of the water on the planet is in the oceans, and therefore is unusable for drinking because of the salt 3

Exploring the Oceans

Exploring the Ocean In ancient times, the desire to trade goods led people to explore the oceans The Romans, Greeks and Vikings built great ships and discovered new lands

Exploring the Oceans

Exploring the Oceans In more recent times, explorers like Columbus, Vespucci and Magellan helped discover and map the Americas.

Exploring the Oceans On these voyages, death tolls were high Due to poor diet, many died from scurvy – a vitamin C deficiency

Exploring the Oceans Little was known about the ocean, and it was feared. thought to be flat thought to be filled with monsters

“Sea Monsters”

Scientific Exploration By the 1700s, with new land all discovered, explorers set out to gather knowledge Darwin made many discoveries aboard the H.M.S. Beagle In the Galapagos Islands, he discovered many new species Ex. Marine Iguana

Scientific Exploration His discoveries helped form the theory of evolution

Darwin’s Discoveries

Scientific Exploration In the late 1800s, the HMS Challenger crisscrossed the ocean collecting: Water samples Sediment (soil) samples Plant + Animal specimens Ocean depth measurements

Underwater Exploration The Diving Suit – watertight canvas suit, metal helmet, air delivered by tube Heavy – kept diver on bottom Poor mobility Used ~1900

Underwater Exploration - The Diving Suit

Underwater Exploration By the 20th century, the modern scuba tank had been invented Safer and better mobility S.C.U.B.A. – stands for Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus

Underwater Exploration The Jim Suit – can sustain the crushing pressures of the deep ocean

Underwater Exploration Submersibles – small research submarines Allowed for discovery of hydrothermal vents. Ex. The “Alvin”

Hydrothermal Vents Hydrothermal vents - cracks in ocean floor that emit jets of hot, mineral rich water

Hydrothermal Vents Submersibles can’t get too close because water temp. can reach as high as 371° C Ship and its instruments can become damaged

Hydrothermal Vents Scientists were shocked to discover life in such an extreme environment What abiotic factors do vent organisms face? Abiotic= Non Living Biotic = Living No light Extreme temperatures Extreme pressures

Hydrothermal Vents No light to fuel photosynthesis. Where does source of energy come from? Chemicals within vent fluid – especially sulfur compounds

Hydrothermal Vents Life at hydrothermal vents: Ex. Clams 24

Hydrothermal Vents Ex. Blind Shrimp 25

Hydrothermal Vents Ex. Albino crabs and fish 26

Hydrothermal Vents Ex. Tube worms 27

Underwater Exploration The “Alvin” was used during the discovery of the Titanic

Shipwrecks The history of ocean exploration can be seen in shipwrecks Wrecks from ancient times to modern times are studied

Shipwrecks

Shipwrecks Long island is home to many famous shipwrecks in what is called “wreck valley”

Shipwrecks Shipwrecks often are used by marine life “artificial reefs” - any man-made object placed in the sea as habitat for marine life.

Artificial Reefs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8101vCjM7nY&feature=related