1. History of Ocean Floor research Ms. Bridgeland 6 th Grade

2. Why have people been interested in using the ocean since ancient times?

3. 3 Major Reasons 1) Ocean provides FOOD 2) Serves as a route for TRADE 3) Is a way to TRAVEL – Travel to have accurate maps – Fame for scientific discoveries

4. James Cook led first expedition for OCEAN RESEARCH in the late 1700s

5. The Challenger expedition in 1872 *inspired Charles Darwin to study marine biology  informed his Theory of Evolution later *led to discovery of organisms, data on temperature, currents, water chemistry, and ocean floor deposits

6. When did we actually begin studying the ocean floor?

7. Exploring the Ocean Floor No helpful ocean floor research until 1925 WHY did it take so long to explore the ocean floor?

8. The ocean floor is more than twice as deep as the Grand Canyon

9. 1925: Big breakthrough --SONAR

10. Conditions are very HARSH There is NO sunlight at this depth The water is very COLD Deep water exerts tremendous PRESSURE

11. SONAR: Sound navigation and ranging a system that uses sound waves to calculate the distance to an object Pulses bounce off the ocean floor and return to the ship

14. When was SCUBA diving developed?

15. S.C.U.B.A. 1943: self-contained underwater breathing apparatus A tank containing compressed air that is strapped to a diver’s back and connected by a tube to a mouthpiece Only enables divers to explore to a depth of 40 meters

16. 1960 -Submersibles “Trieste” Thick metal could withstand pressure help them safely reach lower depths Moved 3 ft per second and reached the ocean floor in about 4 hours

17. What is the difference between a submarine and a submersible?

18. Modern Day Submersible – Alvin was used to study the Titanic wreckage in 1986

19. 1986 –Remote Underwater Manipulator A device like a small car controlled by a computer that could collect samples, take photos, and map the ocean floor without a crew

20. Remote Underwater Manipulator

21. 2003: Deep Flight Aviator A new type of submersible was launched in San Francisco Bay. Moved faster and more easily than others Passengers could see more

22. Deep Flight Aviator 2003 “underwater airplane”

23. Deep Flight Aviator 2003

24. Exploring Titanic Wreckage 2004 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Z7REEn wKOQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Z7REEn wKOQ

25. Modern technology oceanographer Sylvia Earle uses: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRd612Br DKU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRd612Br DKU