ANIMAL CELL CULTURE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

APLLICATIONS OF TRANSGENIC ANIMALS TOPIC APLLICATIONS OF TRANSGENIC ANIMALS

TRANSGENIC ANIMALS FOR EXAMPLE: -A transgenic animal is one that carries a foreign gene that has been deliberately inserted into its genome. -The first transgenic animals were RUDOLF JAENISCH’s MICE. -Jaenisch is a professor of biology at MIT. -In the 1970’s he successfully introduced an outside gene into the mice embryos. FOR EXAMPLE: -Transgenic cattle were created to produce milk containing particular human proteins, which may help in the treatment of human emphysema.

BENEFITS OF TRANSGENIC ANIMALS Regulation of gene expression Genetic diseases Cancer research Development of new drug Viral diseases Beneficial for pharmaceutical research

APPLICATIONS OF TRANSGENIC ANIMALS Transgenic animals have given great benefit to the field of biotechnology -especially the fields of agriculture; - industry - medicine a lot.

MEDICINE -Every year people die of kidney failure , heart failure and due to other organs failure. -But now scientists have succeeded in producing transgenic animals like PIGS which carry the organs needed for humans. -PIG is responsible for providing the organs to the humans and -These organs can be inserted into the human body through transplantation.

Transgenic animals have already helped in developing certain growth hormones For this purpose special genes are inserted into the milk of cow, which increase the production of the milk. Similarly various genetic diseases like Cystic fibrosis can be treated by manufacturing milk which is developed with transgenesis.

NUTRITION -Cows have been created to produce milk that contains particular human proteins to be used to treat EMPHYSEMA -IN 1997, the first transgenic cow, ROSIE, produced human protein enriched milk (2.4 grams per litre) -The milk contained the human protein alpha lactalbumin and was nutritionally a more balanced product for human babies than natural cow milk

VACCINE SAFETY -Transgenic mice can be used for testing the safety of vaccines before they are used on humans. -One day they might completely replace the use of monkeys to test the safety of batches of polio vaccines.

[2].AGRICULTURE -Agriculture is another field which has taken advantage of transgenic animals. -Transgenic techniques have made quick production of animals while traditional methods of animals breeding are time taking. -Quality of the animals also increases and they are the source of providing good quality food to humans in the form of milk and meat.

[3].INDUSTRY -Two scientists of CANADA succeeded in inserting spider genes in the GOATS who gave milk. -The goats produced silk (the protein fiber that is produced from the web glands of spiders)with the milk in large amounts. -It was a good source of economy for the industrialists. -Polymer strands of the silk were extracted from the milk and light threads were made. -This thread could be used in the making uniforms of soldiers and also the tennis rockets.