Month-to-Month Development and Changes 3.02 Overview 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

1st Trimester Weight Gain: 2-4 pounds Fetus: All organs are present, facial features BEGIN to develop, Change from an embryo to a fetus, 1 inch long Mother: Increased urination due to a new pressure on her bladder, morning sickness, breasts start swelling in second month 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

2nd Trimester Weight Gain: 10-12 pounds Fetus: Grows hair, suck thumb, hiccup, 3 inches at beginning and 8-10 by the end of the trimester, facial features become clearer Mother: slight movements felt, appetite increases 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

3rd Trimester Weight Gain: Total of 25-35 pounds Fetus: reacts to loud noises in 8th month, starts out 14-16 inches and grows to 17-18 inches, gains a half a pound a week Mother: The size of the fetus will start to effect her posture, false labor pains, leg cramps, fatigue 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

After the ovum and sperm unite in conception and attaches to the lining of the uterus it becomes a zygote. The sex is determined whether or not the sperm is carrying an X or Y chromosome Embryo - The developing baby from about the third week of pregnancy through the eighth week 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

A Healthy Pregnancy 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Preparation for Pregnancy A mother brings to her pregnancy all of her previous life experiences---including diet, food habits, and attitudes. Birth defects occur before the 10th week of pregnancy. The outcome of her baby’s health depends on the mother’s nutritional state. A woman should prepare her body 2 years ahead. If nutrients are lacking, the mother suffers first and then the baby suffers. 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Personal Hygiene What is your definition of personal hygiene? 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Personal hygiene is maintaining normal grooming and body care habits Have dental checkup Avoid very cold or very hot baths Replace tub baths with showers or sponge baths during the last four to six weeks of pregnancy 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Rest and Sleep How many hours of sleep does a person who is pregnant need? 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Sleep Sleep 8-9 hours per night Take at least one 15-30 minute nap/rest a day 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Physical Activity and Exercise What kind of physical activity and exercise does a pregnant woman need? 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Physical Activity and Exercise during Pregnancy What are the benefits of physical activity and exercise during pregnancy? 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Exercises What are some exercises suggested for pregnant women? Use low-impact, moderately intense activities, such as walking and swimming Exercise to help strengthen and prepare the pelvic floor for delivery – stop and start the flow of urine Avoid contact sports and high-risk activities 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Clothing Comfort is the key! Options Maternity clothes – garments especially designed for pregnancy in one’s regular size Regular clothes in larger sizes What are some guidelines for selecting clothes during pregnancy? 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Nutrition and Pregnancy 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Effects of Poor Eating Habits What may be the effects of poor eating habits during pregnancy? 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Weight Gain 25-30 pounds total (average weight) Two to five pounds in the first trimester About one pound per week for the rest of the pregnancy 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Distribution of Weight Gain AREA Weight Gain in Pounds Fetus 7.5 Extra Fat & Tissue 7 Fluids/Blood 8.5 Uterus 2 Placenta & Umbilical Cord 1.5 Breasts 2 Total: 28+ pounds 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Affect on body What effect does pregnancy have on the body? 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Sample Food Needs for a Pregnant Woman Grain Group 7-8 ounce-equivalent Vegetable Group 3 cups Fruit Group 2 cups Milk Group 3 cups Meat/Bean Group 6 to 6.5-oz.- equivalent MyPyramid 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

“Fast” Foods that Are Nutrient-Dense Can you list more? 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Single-serve fruit bowls Soy milk Tuna fish Raisins Yogurt Easy-to-make trail mix Salad Bar 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Foods to Avoid Ramen Noodles Sodas Pre-packaged lunches (like Lunchables) Almost all-prepared frozen meals Candy, cakes, and cookies Raw (unpastuerized) milk Soft cheeses 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Foods to Avoid List other food items to avoid: 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

History of Delivery 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Early 1647 Forceps were developed Many babies died in the early years of their use Before 19th century was uneventful – delivery and life went on as normal with no pain relief Mid-19th century Women feared childbirth - painful or even fatal Higher social status, less children you had 1800 Chloroform was used to relieve women of any pain Harmful, even fatal, to mother and baby 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

Mid 1882 1900 First successful Cesarean delivery Death rate remained high until 20th century 1900 Middle class women were confined to bed rest until well after the baby was born Introduction of maternity clothes (Lane Bryant) 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

1920 “Twilight labor” 1920-Morphine and scopolamine General anesthesia Proved harmful to baby and mother Use of stirrups to prevent any tearing or ripping 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy

1950 and Beyond 1950-Use of drugs in “assisted” childbirth became popular 1970-“Natural” childbirth and midwives became popular 1980-Back toward hospital births 1990 and beyond-Both mother and father take a more active role in childbirth 3.03-Healthy Pregnancy