THE FEMALE SEX HORMONES

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
STEROIDOGENESIS NABIL BASHIR 2009.
Advertisements

-Pregnancy test Urine (EVA test) -The Measurement of Urinary 17- Oxosteroids. 376 BCH Miss Tahani Al-Shehri.
Steroidogenesis. Steroid hormones Cholesterol derivative –Dietary source Carried in blood as a part of lipoproteins –Synthesized by liver –Receptor-mediated.
The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions
Introduction of steroids
Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex Objectives Name the hormones synthesized in and secreted from adrenal cortex List the steps of synthesis of adrenal cortical.
Reproductive System. Disorders Infertility ► Infertility in males : - pretesticular or secondary hypogonadism due to hypothalamic or pituitary lesions.
At the Clinic Scenario # 1
Gonad Hormones : Female Prof.Dr.Gülden Burçak
Substrates for lipid synthesis Phosphatidate is a precursor of storage and membrane lipids Formed by the addition of two fatty acids to glycerol 3-phosphate.
Gonad Hormones : Male Prof.Dr.Gülden Burçak
Female Sex Hormones (Estrogens and Progestins)
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM II SBI4U Nov 13,12.
Steroid Hormones Cholesterol Starting material.
Estrogen & Progesterone
Hormonal Control of Reproduction in the Female
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM. Endocrine System A system of glands that secrete hormones (chemical messengers) directly into the blood stream. Promotes growth and.
HORMONES B6. Hormones – chemical messengers Produced in the endocrine glands and secreted directly into the blood. Only effect cells that have “target.
Steroids. Steroid A/B and B/C Rings Resemble Decalin.
SEX HORMONES ผศ. พญ. มาลียา มโนรถ. Sex Hormones F 21 carbon : progestin F 19 carbon : androgen F 18 carbon : estrogen.
Metabolism of steroids Pavla Balínová. Cholesterol is a maternal molecule of all steroids in human body is a starting molecule for synthesis of bile acids.
Steroid Hormones.
Some Definitions I Endocrine: glandular secretion of substances inside the body Exocrine: glandular secretion of substances outside the body (sweat gland,
Human Endocrine Physiology February 27, 2014.
By: McKenzie Gray and Bethany Sprauer. What kind of hormone is it? They are a group chemically similar to steroids A series of chemical reactions spurred.
Adrenal Androgens Dr. Eman El Eter.
Steroid Hormones.
Reproductive Hormones. Male gonads (testes) produce sperm. Female gonads (ovaries) produce eggs.
GLOMERULOSA CAPSULE FASCICULATA ALDOSTERONE ADRENAL CORTEX MEDULLA
Adrenal Androgens.
Introduction to Endocrine Pharmacology
Steroid Hormones.
HORMONES OF THE GONADS. The gonads are bifunctional organs that produce germ cells and the sex hormones. The ovaries produce ova and the steroid hormones.
THE FEMALE SEX HORMONES The gonads produce germ cells and sex hormones, these 2 functions are necessarily approximated (spermatogenesis and testosterone.
Synthesis of cortisol Stress Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal cortisol - ACTH + Adrenocorticotropic hormone - CRF CRF: corticotropic releasing hormone ACTH.
Dr. Areej M. Al-Taweel Pharmacognosy Department Pharmacognosy Department.
Thyroid Hormone Effects All cells respond to thyroid hormone, increasing their metabolic rate (heart rate speeds up, beats with greater force, more nutrients.
Gonads:- According to both sexes, the gonads are two: Ovaries (female) secrete: –P–Progesterone –O–Oestrogen: It is the end product that can control secretion.
Reproductive Module Dr.Halima Babiker. Overview of Steroid Hormones  Steroid hormones: produced in the adrenal cortex, testis, ovary, and some peripheral.
The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) and the female hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPGA).
The cortex consists of 3 layers 1 st is zona granulosa - mineralocorticoids, for example aldosterone. The inner 2 layers are zona fasiculata and zona reticularis.
According sex, the gonads are : Ovaries (female) secrete:
Adrenal Androgens.
Hormones of Testes - Testosterone Lecture NO: 2nd MBBS
Steroidgenesis and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Adrenal Androgens from Greek andro meaning male human being
HORMONES OF THE GONADS.
Hormones of the ovary 2 - Progesterone Lecture NO: 2nd MBBS
Sex Hormones By: Tyler Reitenga.
Female Reproductive Hormones
FEMALE SEX HORMONES PHG 224 BY DR AGBARAOLORUNPO
The Endocrine System Chapter 11.
Gonads, Hormones of the Ovaries and testes, and placenta.
Lipids Lipids are hydrophobic, nonpolar organic molecules. They are insoluble in water and highly soluble in one or more of the following solvents:
Text Only in Females’ slide Only in Males’ slides Important Numbers
Steroid Hormones.
Principles of Pharmacology The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy
Parathyroid Hormone and Vitamin D: Control of Blood Calcium
GOOD AFTERNOON.
Hormonal Control of Reproduction in the Female
Steroid Hormones.
Estradiol 17β Paola Lara May Arnold.
Anjanette Acosta Physiology 3
Female Physiology Before Pregnancy and Female Hormones
Hormones Biology 12.
Cholesterol and Steroid Metabolism
ADRENAL GLANDS (FIGURE 10-9)
Reproductive Hormones
Maintaining Homeostasis
Presentation transcript:

THE FEMALE SEX HORMONES

The gonads produce germ cells and sex hormones, these 2 functions are necessarily approximated (spermatogenesis and testosterone production in the testes and oogenesis and estradiol production in the ovary.)

BIOSYNTHESIS AND METABOLISM OF OVARIAN HORMONES: The estrogens are a family of hormones synthesized in a variety of tissues, 17 -bEstradiol is the primary estrogen of ovarian origin. Estrogens are formed by the aromatization of androgens in a complex process that involves 3 hydroxylation steps each of which requires O2‑ and NADPH, the aromatase enzyme is thought to include a P450 mixed –function oxidase. Estradiol is formed if the substrate of this enzyme complex is TT, where as esterone results from the aromatization of androstenedione.

Theca cells are the source of androstendione and TT, these are converted by the aromatase enzyme in granuloza cells to esterone and estradiol respectively. Progesterone is produced and secreted by the corpus luteum ,which also makes some estradiol . Significant amounts of estrogens are produced by the peripheral aromatization of androgens ,in human male the peripheral aromatization of TT to E2 accounts for 80% of the production of E2. In female adrenal androgens are important substrates ,since as much as 50% of the E2 produced in pregnancy comes from aromatization of androgenes. Finally, the conversion of androstenedione to esterone is the major source of estrogens in postmenopausal female. Aromatase activity is present in adipose cells and also in liver, skin, and other tissues, increase activity of this enz. May contribute to the “esterogenization”that characterizes such disease as cirrhosis, of liver, hyperthyroidism, aging, and obesity.

ESTROGENS AND PROGESTINS BIND TO PLASMA PROTEINS: Estrogens are bound to SHBG and progestins to CBG, SHBG binds estradiol about five times less avidly than it binds TT or DHT, while progesterone and cortisol have little affinity for this protein. In contrast prog. And cortisol bind with nearly equal affinity to CBG, which in turn has little avidity for estradiol and even less for TT, DHT, or esterone.The metabolic clearance rates of these steroids are inversely related to the affinity of their binding to SHBG ,hence esterone is cleared more rapidly than estradiol, which in turn is cleared more rapidly than TT or DHT.

The rate of secretion of ovarian steroids varies considerably during the menstrual cycle and is directly related to rate of production in the ovary. There is no storage of these compounds they are secreted when they are produced.

METABOLISM OF ESTROGENS AND PROGESTERONE: A.Estrogens: the liver converts estradiol and esterone to estriol so the E2,E1,E3 are substrates for hepatic enzymes that add glucuronide or sulfate moities then the conjugated steroids are water soluble and don’t bind to transport proteins ,so excreted in bile ,feces ,and urine. B.Progestins: It also metabolized by liver to several compounds and excreted in the urine as sodium-pregnanediol 20- glucuronide. So it is ineffective when given orally, other derivatives of 17-alpha hydoxy progesterone and 17alpha –alkyl-substituted 19-nortestosterone compounds have proge. Activity and avoid hepatic metabolism so can be used as contraceptive drugs.

No one is too busy .. It’s just a matter of priorities …