Operation of power systems with high shares of wind power Wind Integration Workshop Colombia, 19-22 September 2016 John Schmidt Rasmussen, Power System Engineer Energinet.dk 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Agenda Introduction to the Danish Electricity System Wind Power in Denmark Main means for efficient integration of wind power Strong transmission grids and interconnectors International electricity market Flexible generation system Specialized operational planning tools Planning and Power Settlement 19 September 2016 Planning with high shares of wind power

Electricity grid Facilities Amount Substations 185 Overhead lines Approx. 4,900 km* Cables Approx. 1,900 km* *Circuit kilometre. This means that power poles and cable trenches with two cable systems count double. The statement includes both AC and DC transmission grid 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Danish Power System The Danish power system consists of two parts – the eastern part is connected to the Scandinavian synchronous power system, the western part is connected to the Western European synchronous power system. In 2010 the two parts were connected by a 600 MW DC-link. The Danish power system was former a thermal power system based on large power units. Today the power system has a large amount of small CHP-units and large share wind generators. 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Power balance 2015 Two synchronous areas West: East: Primary power station Local CHP plant Wind turbines Two synchronous areas West: 1700/1750 MW 680/740 MW Consumption 1400 - 3700 MW Primary power stations 2522 MW Local CHP plants 2000 MW Wind turbines 3800 MW 5800 MW 1300/1700 MW East: Consumption 900 - 2700 MW Primary power stations 3100 MW Local CHP plants 650 MW Wind turbines 1000 MW 600 MW 1650 MW AC 600 MW DC excl. Bornholm and blackstart units 1500/1780MW 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power import / export [MW]

The energy system is changing Europe is in the middle of a historic transition of the energy system - Denmark has a leading position 2020: Wind power will constitute 50% of the electricity consumption 2035: Electricity and heating systems must be fossil-free - ?? 2050: Denmark must be fossil-independent 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Agenda Introduction to the Danish Electricity System Wind Power in Denmark Main means for efficient integration of wind power Strong transmission grids and interconnectors International electricity market Flexible generation system Specialized operational planning tools Planning and Power Settlement 19 September 2016 Planning with high shares of wind power

Danish Power System – Wind 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Danish Power System - Photo Voltaics 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Agenda Introduction to the Danish Electricity System Wind Power in Denmark Main means for efficient integration of wind power Strong transmission grids and interconnectors International electricity market Flexible generation system Specialized operational planning tools Planning and Power Settlement 19 September 2016 Planning with high shares of wind power

Main means to integrate wind power – so far Strong transmission grids and interconnectors International electricity market Flexible generation system Specialized operational planning tools 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

The functions of the Nordic Market Exchange. 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

The Nordic market 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Rolls in the Danish electricity market Electricity supplier Balance responsible Transmission system operator Wholesale market Retail market Power exchange Grid company Balance responsible Electricity supplier Electricity supplier Grid company 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Operational system balancing and grid security Energinet.dk has developed two specialized IT systems to manage the large amount of variable renewable generation: Operational Planning System providing information on imbalances in the coming hours on the basis of forecasts, up-dated generation plans, on-line measurements and DGM input Distributed Generation Management System (DGM) providing the basis for forecasting renewable generation and grid security calculations (load flow) 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Distributed Generation Management System Area 1 Area 2 Substation 1 2 3 6300 generators on 4600 ‘plants’ 18 Balance Responsible Parties for Production (PBR) 75 plants with individual schedules and 4525 plants without! Data management for Generation forecast Load flow analysis 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Agenda Introduction to the Danish Electricity System Wind Power in Denmark Main means for efficient integration of wind power Strong transmission grids and interconnectors International electricity market Flexible generation system Specialized operational planning tools Planning and Power Settlement 19 September 2016 Planning with high shares of wind power

Power Settlement in Denmark To give an incentive to provide the best schedule we have implemented power settlement Producers > 10 MW has to submit 5-minutes power schedules through their balance responsible Update of schedules continuously whenever the deviation is larger than 10 MW The power schedule do not have to correspond to the energy schedule The latest schedule before operating minute is used for power settlement The price in power Settlement is the most expensive price of the FRRa or FRRm price in the hour. 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Balancing the system DK east is balanced together with the Scandinavian system and is controlled by frequency. It is balanced from Sweden or Norway altering on regular basis DK west is balanced by ENDK and is ACE controlled We want to know the balance in advance to be able to control the system in the most effective way. Gives us an opportunity to manage the system balancing proactively and cost-efficiently. We can use slow and cheap regulation. With an increasing amount of wind power we need all possible regulating reserves in the system. Detailed knowledge of production, consumption and exchange provides the basis for good grid security calculations which allow us to operate the grid closer to the limit. Wind is treated as all other production (schedules, regulating market, online measures etc.) PV is predicted from metrological forecast, and “online measurement” unscaled from measures collected by the manufactures of PVs and forwarded to END 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Balancing the electricity system Day-ahead (Spot) Intraday Regulating Market mFRR aFRR FCR Power Production HVDC 50 Hz 50 Hz Power Consumption TSO’s has the responsibility of balancing their own area Energinet.dk monitor the flow between DK and GE, and if the flow does not match the expected, balancing service has to be activated GE DK NO 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

What is needed for efficient operational planning Prediction of RES with a resolution of 5 minutes continuously updated with meteorological forecasts and online generation measurements Prediction of Demand updated with online calculation of demand Schedules for Exchange with neighboring areas updated with new trades Schedules for all Generation updated with knowledge of schedules Information about all remaining available resources Including new knowledge about renewables 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Forecasts The forecasting team is responsible for providing 0-48 hour Current forecasts Wind power Local CHP production Transmission loss Consumption Flow on tie-lines PV production 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Wind power forecasting Two forecasting tools are used – one external and one internal: External forecast: Combined forecast based on 4 meteorological prognoses. 0-48 hour forecast Hourly update Internal forecast: Combined forecast based on 3 meteorological prognoses. Day ahead (12-36 hour) and short term (0-6 hour) forecast Several updates pr. hour We are constantly improving and looking for new competitive forecast providers! 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Extended Planning Systems Daily planning based on prediction gives the opportunity to use the cheapest and best suited regulation units in a organized way. Gives opportunity to exchange oppositely directed imbalances with neighboring systems Gives opportunity to use market based resources instead of automatic resources. higher flexibility lower prices better integration of RES Detailed knowledge of production, consumption and exchange provides the basis for more precise grid security calculations which allow us to operate the grid closer to the limit. 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Down regulation of Wind Power Off-shore wind Treated like conventional production by balance responsible party A part of their schedules Not visible for operators Potential approx. 770 MW in DK1, 160 MW in DK2 Bids normally only available in DK2 when asked for 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Down regulation of Wind Power On-shore wind Bids send in by balance responsible party As installed capacity which can be stopped ENDK “translate” to MW bid Shown in CMO as Wind bid Electronic activated through responsible party Potential approx. 230 MW from one balance responsible in DK1 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power

Thank you for your attention 19 September 2016 Operation with high shares of wind power