European Exploration: Spanish Conquistadors & a French Explorer

3 Reasons for Exploration 3 G’s Gold _____________ European countries wanted to increase their global wealth. _____________ Catholic church supported expeditions in hopes of converting natives to Christianity   _____________ Expeditions led by Conquistadors looking for wealth & fame. God Glory

T H E R A S O N SAFFRON CINNAMON NUTMEG PEPPER Saffron, the world's most expensive spice, is costly because more than 225,000 stigmas must be hand picked to produce one pound Saffron approx. $1000 lb NUTMEG PEPPER East Asian Spices/Silk

SALT COST 1 pound = 2 pounds of GOLD!

Routes over land were dangerous & costly Western Europe wanted an all-water route to Asia

Important Dates 1492 Columbus sailed for Spanish King & Queen with 3 ships (Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria. Reaches the Bahamas (near North America). Lands at San Salvador. Returned to the Americas 3 times Are we there yet!

33 days

Never sets foot in Texas Columbus

Aztecs Biggest tribe and most feared in Central America Had tons of gold and riches Practiced brutal sacrifices to gods Spanish determined to conquer them

Spanish Advantages Guns, Germs, & Steel - Advanced technology

Spanish Advantages: Disease The Spanish had different immune systems from the American Indians. The “common cold” could infect one person with the flu and all would be affected!

Spanish Advantages Indian Allies 500 Conquistadors Persuaded thousands of other Native Americans that hated Aztec rule to join the Spanish as allies.

Important Dates By 1521 Aztecs are conquered & all their gold is taken by the Spanish conquistadors

Hernan Cortes Cortes eventually seizes the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan (present day Mexico city). Becomes a base for exploration called New Spain. His success inspires other Spaniards to explore North America.

Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda 1519- Explored & created the 1st map of the Gulf Coast region (including the Texas coast). 1st Europeans to see Texas coast

Drowned Panfilo de Narvaez Sent on an expedition to conquer land between Florida & Mexico in 1527. Ships that were supposed to pick them up never did. Stranded, they built small boats. Go through a hurricane and get shipwrecked. Drowned

Cabeza de Vaca Shipwrecked near Galveston (part of Narvaez expedition) Survived with Karankawa 8 yrs. Karankawa give supplies to the men- but they are forced to work for the Karankawa

Location of Galveston Island; the castaways referred to as "Isla del Malhado," or Island of Misfortune.

Removed an arrowhead from an Indians chest & sewed up the wounds= great fame as a healer Indians following the Spaniards brought a sense of horror to the group. According to Cabeza de Vaca, "Our fear made them appear as giants." Cabeza de Vaca described native dwellings as portable structures made of mats placed on four arches. When it was time to move to the next camp, the Indians would remove the mats and carry them on their backs.

Cabeza de Vaca Eventually found his way back to Mexico City & then went back to Spain. Wrote a book describing plants & animals (buffalo) in Texas.

Fray Marcos & Estevanico Estevanico (Esteban) 1st African to explore Texas. Fray Marcos- Catholic friar Sent reports back that encouraged conquistadors to continue searching for Cibola. Estevanico Killed by Zuni Indians

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Sent on an expedition to find Cibola- 7 cities that were rich in gold, silver, & gems. Searched for 5 months going through the Texas Panhandle Cibola turned out to be an adobe village. Didn’t want to go back empty handed = continued to search but he found no gold.

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Explored the Texas panhandle. Searching for Quivera. 1st European to see Grand Canyon (Arizona)

Rene-Robert Cavalier Sieur de La Salle Explored the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico & claimed Louisiana for France.

Rene-Robert Cavalier Sieur de La Salle La Salle’s settlement – Fort St. Louis near Matagorda Bay. Spanish now had to take action to make sure the French didn’t take over their claim to Texas.

Results of European Exploration Columbian Exchange- Transfer of plants, animals, & diseases

Results of European Exploration Diseases: Small pox & measles Cattle Mustangs - (wild offspring of horses) - are first brought to New World by the Spanish. Indians get horses trading/raiding and become better hunters & fighters. Different fruits

Key Reminders On-Level Regions Foldable or Pre-AP Dream Vacation Essay – Turn in if you have not! 2 Days Late…tomorrow is LAST DAY to turn in! Unit 1 ESPN Vocabulary Due Next Wednesday 9/14 Come see me for tutoring if you need help! Unit 1 Test Next Friday 9/16