Do not appreciate the awesomeness of enzymes!!!!

B2 Chapter 3 - Enzymes Learning objectives Explain that enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Describe the specificity of enzyme action. Use the terms reactants and products when discussing enzyme activity. Key words - substrate, enzyme, active site, enzyme-substrate complex, protein, catalyst

Enzymes are biological catalysts Catalysts are chemicals that increase the rate of a reaction without getting used up themselves. Enzymes are proteins (chains of amino acids) that are folded into complex shapes that allow smaller molecules to fit into them. The place where these substrate molecules fit is called the active site Each enzyme only catalyses one particular reaction.

Enzymes These biological catalysts are used to speed up reactions that occur in living things. E.g. photosynthesis, respiration, protein synthesis.

How do enzymes work? Lock and key theory Enzymes have a specific 3D structure They exactly match the shape of a molecule of substrate (the chemical being altered in the reaction) Enzymes

Breakdown reaction Steps: 1. Substrate fits into active site of enzyme 2. Reaction takes place 3. Products leave active site, enzyme ready to work again

Synthesis reaction

Examples of enzymes in your body… Use Protease Amylase Lipase Catalase

Examples of enzymes in your body… Use Protease (in the stomach) Breaking down proteins Amylase (in the mouth) Breaking down carbohydrates Lipase (in the intestines) Breaking down fats Catalase (in the liver) Breaks down hydrogen peroxide

Enzymes act as biological catalysts They occur inside cells or are secreted by the cells. Catalase is the enzyme that catalyses the break down of hydrogen peroxide. Catalase

respiration rate shape chain amino acid reactant amylase specificity Write a scientific clue/definition for the words below. There can only be 1 correct ‘splat’ to your question. respiration rate shape chain amino acid reactant amylase specificity protease lock & key biological enzyme product protein reaction synthesis catalyst active site substrate