Roman Empire Aim: Explain the rise and fall of Julius Caesar. Do Now: How did the Romans start to build an empire (explain Punic Wars). Roman Empire

Julius Caesar Not from a wealthy family Well educated/well spoken/lawyer Gains fame High priest of Rome Military commander Spain – victorious Gains more fame

First Triumvirate Rome in chaos 1st Triumvirate - 3 men gain power Crassus - command in Syria Pompey – command in Spain Julius Caesar - command in Gaul (France) Dominate Rome

First Triumvirate Crassus dies in 53 B.C. Caesar vs. Pompey Caesar defeats Pompey’s forces Caesar – dictator in 47 B.C. Dictator – someone who rules with absolute power

Rule of Caesar Changed calendar to 365 days “July” Gave land to poor and soldiers Increased number of Senators Named himself “dictator for life”

Roman Empire Aim: How did Caesar’s rule come to an end? Do Now: How and why was Caesar killed? Roman Empire

Caesar’s Fall Some senators hated Caesar and dictatorship They wanted a republic Plot (conspiracy) to kill him “Ides of March” – March 15 44 B.C. – stabbed and killed by enemies “Et tu Brute” – And you too, Brutus?

Roman Empire Aim: How did Rome regain order after the death of Caesar? Do Now: How and why was Caesar removed from power?

Roman Empire Aim: How did Rome prosper during Pax Romana? Do Now: Who was Octavian and Marc Antony?

Rome after caesar Octavian – Caesar’s adopted son and grand-nephew Marc Antony – general and loyal to Caesar Cassius and Brutus control Greece and eastern empire Civil war breaks out

Civil war Octavian wants to make sure he has power in Rome Second Triumvirate is formed Octavian Marc Antony Lepidus 2nd Triumvirate defeats Brutus and Cassius Battle of Philippi

Civil War Marc Antony forms alliance with Cleopatra of Egypt Wealth of Egypt will help Antony control Rome Octavian vs. Antony Octavian wins naval battle Battle of Actium

Emperor augustus Octavian now the ruler of the Empire Takes the name Caesar Augustus (“honored one”) Month of August named after Technically not a dictator But did have supreme power

Pax romana “Roman peace” for 200 years Focus on empire and not wars Roads, buildings, water systems, government, money system Rome 1 million people

All roads lead to rome All major roads lead out of Rome Most important city 50,000 miles of road Trade goods Military movement

Ruling an empire Strong laws from Rome provides order Army present throughout empire Governors rule in different areas Census – count of people living in empire Purpose - TAXES

Christianity Jesus of Nazareth has a huge following in Judea Judea is controlled by Roman Empire Jesus is put to death and rises from the dead 12 Apostles and Paul spread the faith Christianity begins Peter – 1st Pope Pope is the bishop of Rome

Rome Marble temples and buildings Theaters and public baths Aqueducts – waterways built to bring streams of fresh water into the city

Vast BUILDING projects Stadiums – gladiators (warrior slaves/criminals) fought animals and other people, often to the death Thousands of Christians put to death - martyrs

Famous buildings Colosseum – largest, most famous stadium in Rome Pantheon – large temple in Rome that honored all Roman gods Religion a part of daily life

homework Roman Domes and Gladiators worksheet Paragraph – Explain in detail the Colosseum. Use notes and video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= OOylD1KC6kc

pompeii Aim: How did the ancient city of Pompeii offer historians and archaeologists a great opportunity? Do Now: What do you know about Pompeii? If you know nothing, look it up on your iPad.

pompeii Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79 Kills thousands of people First hand account (primary source) by Pliny the Younger

Pompeii Artifacts/human remains preserved in volcanic ash Give historians idea of daily Roman life

Paragraph Explain the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius and the story of Pliny the Elder? Why is this discovery important to historians?

Decline of the roman empire Aim: How did the Roman Empire divide and start to decline? Do Now: Take out Christianity worksheet

Under attack German barbarians from northern Europe Empire too big to control Army weakened and empire poorer

Empire divided A.D. 284 – Emperor Diocletian Divide empire into east and west East – Egypt, Greece, and Palestine – Roman name for Judea Rome no longer most important city Power shift from west to east

Constantine 306 – Emperor Constantine Reunited Roman Empire Empire based in Constantinople (modern day Turkey) Easy to protect Trade

Christianity Persecuted by emperors (went against Roman gods) 312 – Edict of Milan - Constantine granted religious freedom to Christians

Empire’s end 410 – northern people’s soldiers take Rome 476 – last Roman emperor is removed from throne Eastern/Byzantine Empire lives for 1,000 years more Greek influence Eastern Orthodox Church ristianity No belief in the pope

Roman empire legacy Laws and government Languages – Latin Republic Languages – Latin Architecture – domes and arches Christianity