1. The End of the Republic
Entry # 9

2. Objective
Describe the reasons for the end of the Republic

3. The Roman Republic at the death of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE
The Roman Republic at the death of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE. Predict what problems you might see in governing all this land.

4. Reasons for the decline of the Republic
Roman consuls fight for power
Civil wars between leaders
Pompey vs Caesar vs. Marcus Crassus (1st Triumvirate)
Republic too big…provinces tough to control
Governors seek power too
Not enough military to control everything
Border trouble with Barbarian tribes

6. Rome after the Caesar
General Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony) became new leader
Creation of the triumvirate or group of three rulers who share power
Mark Antony (friend of Caesar)
Lepidus
Octavian (adopted nephew of Caesar)

7. Power Plays-The Triumvirate breaks down
Lepidus tries to grab power
Antony/Octavian defeat Caesar’s enemies in Senate and Lepidus
Relationship between Octavian and Antony break down…fight for complete control of Rome

8. The Battle for Egypt
Caesar conquered Egypt, forcing an alliance with Queen Cleopatra
Antony makes alliances with Cleopatra
Battle of Actium 31 BCE
Octavian defeats Antony/Cleopatra, both die days later
Octavian only one standing

9. Battle of Actium
2 September, 31 BCE
Octavian wins decisive battle to take control of Rome

11. The Birth of an Empire
In 27 BCE, Octavian is given the title of “Augustus Caesar”…1st Roman Emperor

13. Questions
Name one reason why the Republic fell and the Empire was created