From: Heat Spreader Based on Room-Temperature Liquid Metal Date of download: 10/5/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Heat Spreader Based on Room-Temperature Liquid Metal J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl. 2012;4(2):024501-024501-4. doi:10.1115/1.4006274 Figure Legend: (a) Schematic view of the pump integrated liquid metal heat spreader and an individual electromagnetic pump. The electromagnetic pump main body has the size of 20 mm × 13 mm × 5 mm. Two permanent magnets (15 mm × 10 mm × 5 mm) generate a magnetic field of 0.7 T, while a pair of copper electrodes is arranged to form a direct current pathway. All the components could be fabricated based on milling or injection molding. The small corrosion behavior between copper electrode and liquid gallium could be eliminated with nickel plating. All the geometric structure of radiator, heat source, and temperature measuring configurations are the same as Fig. . (b) The spreader thermal resistance and pump power as a function of applied current. The spreader thermal resistance is defined as (Ts-Ta)/Q, where Q is the thermal power, and Ts,  Ta are spreader temperature and ambient temperature, respectively. The pump power is calculated as the product of input current and voltage.