Biochemistry Free For All

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Presentation transcript:

Biochemistry Free For All Transcription Biochemistry Free For All

Structure

Central Dogma Template Strand Coding Strand

RNA Functions

RNA Building Blocks

Eukaryotic Process Structure

Subunits (Prokaryotes) RNA Polymerase Subunits (Prokaryotes) α (2) β β’ ω σ

Non-template Strand Transcription Template Strand RNA Polymerase RNA

Prokaryotic Control Sequences

Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP)

Structure

Transcription Initiation and Elongation Rifampicin Blocks Elongation Transcription Bubble

Transcription Elongation

Transcription Termination

Structure

Termination Rho Factor Termination - Rho Protein “Climbs” RNA Being Synthesized and Removes RNA Polymerase from DNA Factor Independent - Sequence in RNA Causes RNA Polymerase to Fall Off of DNA

Chromosome Structure

Eukaryotic Control Sequences & Structure

Eukaryotic Transcription Complex

Transcription Complex Assembly

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerase Inhibition α-amanitin

Eukaryotic mRNA 5’ Cap

Eukaryotic mRNA 5’ Cap Roles for the 5’ Cap in Eukaryotes Nuclease Protection / mRNA Stability Role in Translation

Eukaryotic RNA Maturation

Splicing

Splicing

Pyrimidine Rich Sequence Splicing GU Sequence AG Sequence 1. U1 Binding 2. U2 Binding

snRNPs - Contain Proteins and snRNAs. Splicing Some snRNAs are Complementary to Sequences in Intron and Help to Assemble the Structure

Splicing Mechanism

Alternative Splicing

Alternative Polyadenylation

RNA Editing

Structure

CCA End tRNA Structure

Synthesis of Pseudouridine from Uridine tRNA Synthesis of Pseudouridine from Uridine

tRNA and rRNA Processing in Eukaryotes

Structure

Structure

Bacteria Eukaryotes Structure 5S rRNA (in large ribosomal subunit - structural support) 16S rRNA (in small ribosomal subunit - aligns mRNA for translation) 23S rRNA (in large ribosomal subunit - catalyzes peptide bond formation Eukaryotes 5S rRNA (large ribosomal subunit - structural support) 5.8S rRNA (large ribosomal subunit - translocation) 18S rRNA (small ribosomal subunit - functions in translation) 28S rRNA (large ribosomal subunit - peptide bond formation)

Structure RNA Functions Synthesis of Proteins (tRNA, rRNA, mRNA) Primary Genetic Material (RNA Viruses) Catalysis of Reactions (Ribozymes) Regulation of Gene Expression (miRNA & siRNA) Processing of Other RNAs (snRNAs & snoRNAs), RNA Structures Ribonucleotides - A,U,C,G Single Stranded/Self Pairing G-U Base Pairs

Structure

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