Equally Safe in Higher Education? Anni Donaldson University of Strathclyde, Scotland Scottish Funding Council Sharing Good Practice Seminar 14th June 2017

Gender-based Violence (GBV) - UK Devolved Distinctions UK Government Ending VAWG Strategy 2016-2020 gender-neutral working definition; covers all forms of GBV; re-emphasised crime prevention approach; new legislation introduced. Welsh Government VAW, DA and Sexual Violence (Wales) Act 2015 gendered analysis of abuse requirement on public bodies to implement local & national GBV strategies; holistic outcome focussed approach across all sectors including HE; accountable to Welsh Government. The Northern Ireland Executive Stopping D and S Violence and Abuse 2016 gender-neutral definition; mainly domestic & sexual violence; crime prevention focus; focus on schools based primary prev strateg Scottish Government Equally Safe 2016 - A National Strategic Approach to Prevention of VaWG gendered analysis of abuse; GBV barrier to gender equality holistic approach to prev & early intervention; primary, sec & tertiary prev, leg, support national VaWG Outcome Framework

“ No woman or girl in Scotland should be subjected to violence or abuse of any kind (physical, emotional, sexual or psychological) and no child or young person should have to experience gender-based violence or have to live with the impact of it. Our aim is to work collaboratively with key partners across all sectors to prevent and eradicate all forms of violence against women and girls. Equally Safe sets out a shared understanding of the causes, risk factors and scale of the problem. “ (Scottish Government 2016) http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0045/00454152.pdf

Gender-based Violence in Scotland 2014-15 Police Scotland recorded 59,882 incidents of domestic abuse 95% (1901) rapes or attempted rapes recorded by PS had female victim (where gender known) 1 in 5 children/young people in the UK will have experienced domestic abuse by age 18 yrs LGBT Youth Scotland research: 52% of respondents had experienced abusive behaviour from ex/partner At least 32% of the 9,557 recorded sexual offences in Scotland 2014-15 involved a victim under 18 16 to 27 year old men are responsible for more than one third of reported rapes in Scotland (Police Scotland) 4% of women in Scotland have experienced serious sexual assault since age 16 1 in 4 female students reporting unwanted sexual behaviour during their studies and 1 in 5 experiencing sexual harassment during their first week of term (National Union of Students 2013).

Vanita Sundaram “Lad Culture” in HE (2014) Universities have a weak response to ‘Lad Culture’ because conceptually they don’t understand it. “Neo-liberal and depoliticised discourse of individual practices – gender treated as a descriptive variable rather than as a set of socially and culturally constructed expectations for lived practices (e.g. ‘incidents’ reported by gender rather than gender being understood as a social institution.” Jackson, C., & Sundaram, V. (2015). Is ‘lad culture’a problem in higher education? Exploring the perspectives of staff working in UK universities. In International Conference on Research into Higher Education 2015 (pp. 1-8).

GBV & HE: The Scottish & UK context So why try and address this in the University – and why now? UUK Task force report last year to examine violence against women, harassment and hate crime affecting university students was published on 21 October 2016. The key messages from the report were that:- While there is no comprehensive data available on the number of such incidents, the impact of any such incident on a student is so potentially serious that universities must be ready to respond effectively and proactively engage in prevention initiatives While many universities have already taken positive steps to address these issues, the taskforce found that university responses are not as comprehensive, systematic and joined-up as they could be. Though these issues are not isolated to universities – they are of relevance to wider society, including schools and the local community – UK universities have a significant opportunity to lead the way in preventing and responding to violence against women, harassment and hate crime.   The ESHE project at Strathclyde is addressing all of these points. Increased media focus Scottish context: Police Scotland recorded 59,882 incidents of domestic abuse 2014-15 95% (1901) rapes or attempted rapes recorded by PS had female victim (where gender was known) At least 32% of the 9,557 recorded sexual offences in Scotland 2014-15 involved a victim under the age of 18. 4% of women in Scotland have experienced serious sexual assault since age 16 1 in 5 children/yp in the UK will have experienced domestic abuse by age 18 yrs. UK Government figures show 79% of forced marriage cases involve female victims LGBT Youth Scotland research found that 52% of respondents said that they had experienced some form of abusive behaviour from a partner or ex-partner. 16- to 27-year-old men are responsible for more than one third of reported rapes in Scotland according to Police Scotland Universities UK Task Force Report 2016 Changing the Culture

Universities UK Task Force Report Changing the Culture 2016 Recommendations Institution-wide Approach To Policy Development & Governance Corporate Leadership Student Union Leadership Staff Training & Development Recording & Monitoring Evidence Based Prevention Programmes Including Bystander Approaches Clear, Visible And Accessible Procedures For Reporting & Disclosure Handling Clear Guidance On Dealing With Perpetrators Of Criminal & Disciplinary Offences Partnership Working With Community And Local Specialist VAW Organisations

5/19 Scottish HEIs contributed to Changing The Culture report; A review of activity in Scottish Universities needed to contextualise intervention, prevention, policy and practice within its national, devolved policy context. Part 1 of Rapid Review was undertaken of existing GBV policy and practice, prevention and intervention across all 19 Scottish HEIs. McCullough, A., McCarry, M. and Donaldson, A. (2017) Rapid Review of Scottish Higher Education Responses to Gender Based Violence, Equally Safe in Higher Education project report, Glasgow: University of Strathclyde.

funded by the Scottish Government Justice stream Equally Safe in Higher Education Toolkit A GBV Prevention & Early Intervention Plan 2016 – 2018 funded by the Scottish Government Justice stream

Scottish Government – Equally Safe “ Scottish Government – Equally Safe Gender-based violence is a function of gender inequality, and an abuse of male power and privilege. It takes the form of actions that result in physical, sexual and psychological harm or suffering to women and children, or affront to their human dignity, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life. “ NB: GBV precludes neither the abuse of boys and men, same sex abuse nor female perpetration of such abuse. GBV can also include abuse by other family members, so-called ‘honour-based’ crimes and culturally harmful practices.

ESHE – A Partnership Approach

Equally Safe in Higher Education Project Implementation Plan ESHE WORKSTREAMS EQUALLY SAFE OUTCOMES ESHE Research Plan ESHE Toolkit Equally Safe in Higher Education Project Implementation Plan Curriculum & KE MOOC PG Programme DA Curric development Social work, Social Policy Education Outcome 4 Social acceptance of gender inequality is decreased Early Intervention Clear signposting to support/service pathways Specialised support & service provision for staff and students Good Practice Guide Outcome 1 Individual needs of those affected fully met at earliest point GBV Primary Prevention Awareness Raising Campaigns Bystander Programme (II) Fresher’s Induction Year group based GBV prevention programmes Peer Education programmes Programme evaluation Outcome 3 Social tolerance of all forms of VAW reduced Campus Policy, Safety, HR Campus GBV Policy Campus GBV safety Plan Organisational & Staff Development Incident monitoring & reporting Responses to perpetrators First responder training & disclosure handling Reporting & intervention pathways Outcome 2 Perpetrators dealt with effectively; reduced re-offending

THE TOOLKIT Rapid Review of Scottish Landscape Building on UUK Report Whole Campus Survey Online Staff & Students Qualitative Interviews & Focus Groups Individual and specialist groups The Intervention Initiative Strathclyde Champions

Methodology Pilot Survey Re-Pilot Survey Interviews self selecting sample - survey anonymous Specialist Focus Groups targeted groups e.g. LGBT+, sports societies Survey

The Survey Blank box Blank box Campus Safety Reporting “Lad Culture” Experiences Physical / non-physical / controlling behaviours Stalking Sexual harassment, abuse & violence Victimisation & Perpetration The Survey Reporting “Lad Culture” Gender (in)Equality

GBV Staff and Student Policy Development Collaborative Development: internal/external stakeholders Co-ordinated cross-campus and community response Asking the key questions on disclosure Confidentiality vs action Record taking and retention Giving the staff member control Related disclosures by 3rd party Alleged perpetrators: internal and external investigations disciplinary action GBV Early Intervention

ESHE - GBV Early Intervention University of Strathclyde/Glasgow Rape Crisis Centre Partnership GRCC Campus Drop-in Service Report & Support (GBV) – Cross-campus emergency/non-emergency report & response process. GBV Staff Development Training Programme - OSDU Trauma-informed support service framework development – SEES & OSDU

ESHE – GBV Prevention Student GBV Policy Development – SEES/USSA Intervention Initiative (II) Freshers’ Week USSA joint planning Freshers’ Induction MOOC – GBV prevention GBV Student Survey launch ESHE Project publicity GBV Service provision publicity II Recruitment

INSIDE OUTSIDE - THE SEX INDUSTRY IN SCOTLAND Thursday 22 June 2017 3.00 – 8.30 pm Friday 23 June 2017 10.00 – 1.00 Insight Institute, The University of Strathclyde, 22 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1X A multi-media exhibition of art, photography, video and audio installations based on and featuring the voices and stories of women involved in prostitution in Scotland. A project initiative by ENCOMPASS. Exhibition is sponsored by Equally Safe in Higher Education at the University of Strathclyde and The Glasgow Violence Against Women Partnership.

ESHE – Curriculum & Knowledge Exchange Professional responses to Domestic abuse - Social Work UG/PG Qualifying Courses development BA Social Policy – Honours Module - GBV Understanding Violence Against Women: Myths and Realities (forthcoming September 2017) https://www.futurelearn.com/partners/university-of-strathclyde

ann.donaldson@strath.ac.uk Equally Safe in Higher Education e: eshe-admin@strath.ac.uk w: tiny.cc/equallysafeHE Follow us on twitter @equallysafeHE