Antibiotics: handle with care! Remember! European Antibiotic Awareness Day Website [National campaign website] Email [email address] Follow us on Twitter [twitter link] Like our Facebook page [ww.facebook.com/......} Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat that can affect everyone: you, me, our family members. Without antibiotics, we will not be able to treat simple infections. You have a responsibility to keep antibiotics working! Website antibiotic.ecdc.europa.eu Email eaad@ecdc.europa.eu Follow us on Twitter @EAAD_EU Like our Facebook page www.facebook.com/EAAD.EU European Antibiotic Awareness Day is marked each year on or around 18 November. Nurses If you want to know more about the antibiotic stewardship programme in your hospital, contact [email address] or call [phone number]. See more information at [hospital website] Insert logo of national institution Insert logo of national institution All the statements in this leaflet are supported by scientific evidence. Visit http://antibiotic.ecdc.europa.eu or scan the QR code.

Antibiotics: handle with care! Actions that you can take to tackle antibiotic resistance: As a nurse, you have a responsibility to ensure that antibiotics remain effective. In your role, you can: Prompt prescribers to document their reviewing decision for all patients on antibiotics after 48 – 72 hours. Improve antibiotic administration practices in collaboration with doctors and pharmacists. Inform the prescriber or pharmacist if you see a patient has an antibiotic prescription which has continued beyond seven days without specified duration. Facts Resistance to antibiotics keeps increasing. This issue threatens the health and safety of patients in all healthcare settings in Europe. 1 Follow infection prevention and control measures that are established in your setting. Participate regularly in training courses and meetings on prudent antibiotic use, specimen collection, and infection prevention and control. The emergence of bacteria resistant to multiple groups of antibiotics is particularly concerning, as they can be severe, costly and even fatal. Ensure that patients (and their families) understand the reason for antibiotic therapy, and key points related to antibiotic use, including to: 2 Up to a half of all antibiotic use in hospitals is unnecessary or inappropriate. take antibiotics exactly as prescribed; never save antibiotics for later use; never use leftover antibiotics from previous treatments; and never share leftover antibiotics with other people. 3 You are responsible to ensure that antibiotics remain effective. 4 Ensure that cultures are appropriately taken and send to the microbiology laboratory, before starting antibiotics. Ensure that laboratory results are promptly communicated to the treating physician.

Antibiotics: handle with care! Remember! European Antibiotic Awareness Day Website [National campaign website] Email [email address] Follow us on Twitter [twitter link] Like our Facebook page [ww.facebook.com/......} Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat that can affect everyone: you, me, our family members. Without antibiotics, we will not be able to treat simple infections. You have a responsibility to keep antibiotics working! Website antibiotic.ecdc.europa.eu Email eaad@ecdc.europa.eu Follow us on Twitter @EAAD_EU Like our Facebook page www.facebook.com/EAAD.EU European Antibiotic Awareness Day is marked each year on or around 18 November. Hospital prescribers If you want to know more about the antibiotic stewardship programme in your hospital, contact [email address] or call [phone number]. See more information at [hospital website] Insert logo of national institution Insert logo of national institution All the statements in this leaflet are supported by scientific evidence. Visit http://antibiotic.ecdc.europa.eu or scan the QR code.

Antibiotics: handle with care! Actions that you can take to tackle antibiotic resistance As a hospital prescriber, you have a responsibility to ensure that antibiotics remain effective. In your role, you must: Initiate antibiotic treatment as soon as possible in patients with severe infection; Prescribe according to hospital guidelines for common infections and for surgical prophylaxis; Consider local microbiology and antibiotic resistance patterns when prescribing empirical antibiotic treatments; Facts Identify relevant individual patient background when evaluating the need for an antibiotic prescription, including recent antibiotic use, drug allergies, use of immunosuppressive therapy, recent hospitalisation or institutionalisation, recent travel outside of Europe, and microbiology results for the previous 3 months; Resistance to antibiotics keeps increasing. This issue threatens the health and safety of patients in all healthcare settings in Europe. Inform your patients of any antibiotics prescribed, and their potential adverse effects; 1 Participate in annual training courses on prudent antibiotic use. The emergence of bacteria resistant to multiple groups of antibiotics is particularly concerning, as they can be severe, costly and even fatal. 2 Document the indication for antibiotic treatment, drug choice, dose, route of administration and duration of treatment, in the patient chart, when you prescribe an antibiotic; Up to a half of all antibiotic use in hospitals is unnecessary or inappropriate. 3 Follow infection prevention and control guidance; You are responsible to ensure that antibiotics remain effective. 4 Ensure that relevant cultures are taken timely. Re-evaluate treatment after 48 – 72 hours, or when results from microbiological samples are available;

Antibiotics: handle with care! Remember! European Antibiotic Awareness Day Website [National campaign website] Email [email address] Follow us on Twitter [twitter link] Like our Facebook page [ww.facebook.com/......} Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat that can affect everyone: you, me, our family members. Without antibiotics, we will not be able to treat simple infections. You have a responsibility to keep antibiotics working! Website antibiotic.ecdc.europa.eu Email eaad@ecdc.europa.eu Follow us on Twitter @EAAD_EU Like our Facebook page www.facebook.com/EAAD.EU European Antibiotic Awareness Day is marked each year on or around 18 November. Infectious disease specialists If you want to know more about the antibiotic stewardship programme in your hospital, contact [email address] or call [phone number]. See more information at [hospital website] Insert logo of national institution Insert logo of national institution All the statements in this leaflet are supported by scientific evidence. Visit http://antibiotic.ecdc.europa.eu or scan the QR code.

Antibiotics: handle with care! Actions that you can take to tackle antibiotic resistance As an infection disease specialist, you have a responsibility to ensure that antibiotics remain effective. In your role, you can: and treatment of infectious diseases. Regularly train hospital prescribers on prudent antibiotic use and participate in meetings on implementing evidence-based hospital antibiotic guidelines. Facts Support the development and implementation of an antibiotic stewardship programme within your organisation. Resistance to antibiotics keeps increasing. This issue threatens the health and safety of patients in all healthcare settings in Europe. 1 Provide feedback and advice to prescribers on diagnostic evaluation Promote local guidelines on managing infections and using antibiotics. These should be readily and reliably accessible to all healthcare providers. The emergence of bacteria resistant to multiple groups of antibiotics is particularly concerning, as they can be severe, costly and even fatal. 2 Up to a half of all antibiotic use in hospitals is unnecessary or inappropriate. 3 Check that antibiotic prescriptions follow antibiotic treatment protocols, based on evidence-based guidelines. You are responsible to ensure that antibiotics remain effective. 4 If you see staff members at the hospital or healthcare setting who breach guidelines or protocols, ask them why they are doing so and provide them with tools to understand what they are doing wrong.

Antibiotics: handle with care! Remember! European Antibiotic Awareness Day Website [National campaign website] Email [email address] Follow us on Twitter [twitter link] Like our Facebook page [ww.facebook.com/......} Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat that can affect everyone: you, me, our family members. Without antibiotics, we will not be able to treat simple infections. You have a responsibility to keep antibiotics working! Website antibiotic.ecdc.europa.eu Email eaad@ecdc.europa.eu Follow us on Twitter @EAAD_EU Like our Facebook page www.facebook.com/EAAD.EU European Antibiotic Awareness Day is marked each year on or around 18 November. Physicians in long- term care facilities If you want to know more about the antibiotic stewardship programme in your hospital, contact [email address] or call [phone number]. See more information at [hospital website] Insert logo of national institution Insert logo of national institution All the statements in this leaflet are supported by scientific evidence. Visit http://antibiotic.ecdc.europa.eu or scan the QR code.

Antibiotics: handle with care! Actions that you can take to tackle antibiotic resistance As a physician in a long-term care facility, you have a responsibility to ensure that antibiotics remain effective. In your role, you can: Implement infection prevention and control measures. Promote vaccination programmes for residents and staff. Regularly participate in training courses and in meetings that support the implementation in the hospital of prudent antibiotic use, local antibiotic guidelines, and infection prevention and control measures. Facts Educate medical and nursing staff about areas where antibiotic misuse is common, such as antibiotic prophylaxis and excessively long durations of treatments. Resistance to antibiotics keeps increasing. This issue threatens the health and safety of patients in all healthcare settings in Europe. 1 Organise educational events and campaigns that provide residents with information on prudent antibiotic use. Ensure that residents (and their families) understand the reasons for antibiotic therapy, and key points related to antibiotic use, including to: Take antibiotics exactly as prescribed; Never save antibiotics for later use; Never use leftover antibiotics from previous treatments; Never share leftover antibiotics with other residents or other people. The emergence of bacteria resistant to multiple groups of antibiotics is particularly concerning, as they can be severe, costly and even fatal. 2 Regularly organise audits/surveys of antibiotic prescribing practices and of healthcare- associated infections. Up to a half of all antibiotic use in hospitals is unnecessary or inappropriate. 3 You are responsible to ensure that antibiotics remain effective. 4 Reassess antibiotic treatments in light of clinical conditions at 48–72 hours, or as soon as microbiological results are available. Only start antibiotic treatment if there is evidence of a bacterial infection.