Bellringer: 3/16 and 3/17 1. Pick up the papers by the door. 2. Turn in your Atomic Bomb evidence worksheet to the class drawer if you didn’t do so last class. 3. Take out a piece of notebook paper. 4. Update your ToC: 134: Notes – Holocaust 135: Analysis: Victims of the Holocaust 5. Write down your HW: Study for your WWII map quiz NEXT CLASS!

Agenda: 1. Bellringer 2. Notes: The Holocaust 3. Documentary: A Day at Auschwitz 4. Activity: Who Survives? Learning about the Real Victims of the Holocaust

The Holocaust: Hitler’s “Final Solution”

Why do Hitler and the Nazis end up with the “Final Solution”? Signs of Anti-Semitism = prevalent for decades in Germany Scapegoating (blaming Jews for the economic depression) Associating Jews with “cosmopolitanism” Forcing Jews into ghettos during WWII Hatred of all non-Aryan peoples Not blonde-haired, blue-eyed? Sorry, not ideal. Are you a non-German speaker? Sorry, you’re not ideal either. Do you have 2 Jewish grandparents? Then you’re Jewish.

The “final Solution” Is at hand Hitler used existing Anti-Semitism to fuel plan to rid Germany of anyone not part of the Aryan race Final Solution = final plan for extermination of the Jewish race (+ other groups of people that the Nazis felt were “undesirable”) Resulted in the death of 11 million+ Jews and “undesirables” by the end of WWII Results in a genocide (the systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious, or cultural group) The systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious, or cultural group

How does the “Final Solution” Work? Step 1: Jews (and other “undesirables”) = rounded up by Nazis, forced to live in ghettos Step 2: Jews + “undesirables”  transported to work/concentration camps Step 3: Forced to labor in concentration camps under cruel, inhuman conditions

Jewish Ghettos

FORCED OUT OF THE Warsaw Ghetto

Auschwitz Death Camp

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V76jjzo-U4E

Where were these concentration camps located? Most camps were in Eastern Europe Especially “death camps” here (camps that existed expressly to kill) Other camps were in: Western Europe, Germany, etc. (but not very many in Germany because they didn’t want any evidence of what they were doing to be in Germany!)

The Victims of the Holocaust: Who did Hitler and the Nazis target?

What kind of people were targeted by the Nazis during the Holocaust? Please fill in the headings of your chart as you see on the chart below. Jews Gypsies (Roma, Sinti) Slavs (Poles, Ukrainians, etc.) Religious Groups LGBT Physically/ mentally disabled Main victim: Jews Other groups targeted: Slavs Gypsies (ex: Roma population) Catholics LGBT populations Physically/mentally disabled

What kind of people were targeted by the Nazis during the Holocaust? Jews Long history of Anti-Semitism in Europe Nazis make policies against Jews living in Germany (Nuremberg Laws)  Jews can’t go to cinemas, swimming pools, certain shops, cafés, etc. Nazis design plan to eliminate all Jews (“Final Solution”) Over 6 million Jews die in the Holocaust Main victim: Jews Other groups targeted: Slavs Gypsies (ex: Roma population) Catholics LGBT populations Physically/mentally disabled

What kind of people were targeted by the Nazis during the Holocaust? Gypsies (Roma, Sinti) Nazis thought Roma and Sinti people were inferior to Germans Targeted by the same laws that targeted Jews (the Nuremberg Laws) Were deported and sent to concentration camps Main victim: Jews Other groups targeted: Slavs Gypsies (ex: Roma population) Catholics LGBT populations Physically/mentally disabled

What kind of people were targeted by the Nazis during the Holocaust? Slavs (Poles, Ukrainians, etc.) Eliminated to make “living space” for Germans (they were in the way of lebensraum) Deported  forced labor  millions murdered Main victim: Jews Other groups targeted: Slavs Gypsies (ex: Roma population) Catholics LGBT populations Physically/mentally disabled

What kind of people were targeted by the Nazis during the Holocaust? Religious Groups (Catholics, Jehovah’s Witness, etc.) There was no religion in Nazi Germany (God was a threat to Hitler’s power) If you were publically religious = you’re a threat Publically religious  Deported, put in camps Main victim: Jews Other groups targeted: Slavs Gypsies (ex: Roma population) Catholics LGBT populations Physically/mentally disabled

What kind of people were targeted by the Nazis during the Holocaust? LGBT Populations Persecution against LGBT people = state policy in Nazi Germany LGBT = imprisoned, some sent to labor/concentration camps Main victim: Jews Other groups targeted: Slavs Gypsies (ex: Roma population) Catholics LGBT populations Physically/mentally disabled

What kind of people were targeted by the Nazis during the Holocaust? Physically/mentally disabled Seen as a problem because they threatened the Nazis’ plan for human perfection Many were forcibly sterilized (approx. 300,000-400,000) “Euthanasia” program  people with disabilities were murdered in mass (Operation “T4”) Main victim: Jews Other groups targeted: Slavs Gypsies (ex: Roma population) Catholics LGBT populations Physically/mentally disabled

What happened at the concentration camps?

Mass killings at concentration camps When arriving at concentration camps, 1 of 2 things would happen:

At concentration camps… Over 11 million people were killed (at least 6 million of these were Jews) Methodology: Shootings Gas chambers Mass murder The overwhelming majority of Jews who entered the Nazi killing centers were murdered in gas chambers—usually within hours of arrival—and their bodies cremated.

Auschwitz Death Camp

Experiments at Concentration camps: Nazi experiments served THREE major purposes: 1. Trying to solve problems Nazi soldiers faced in the field 2. Developing and testing drugs/vaccines 3. Advancing and promoting the Aryan “race”

Experiments at Concentration camps: 1. Trying to solve problems Nazi soldiers faced in the field High-altitude experiments (trying to see from what altitude soldiers could successfully parachute from) Freezing experiments (ways to treat hypothermia) Making seawater potable

Experiments at Concentration camps: 2. Developing and testing drugs Tested vaccines for malaria, TB, typhoid, hepatitis, etc. Bone-grafting experiments Tested chemical gas antidotes

Experiments at Concentration camps: 3. Advancing and promoting the Aryan race Led by Dr. Josef Mengele (“Angel of Death” Medical experiments on twins Live operations w/o anesthesia Effects of diseases on different races Sterilization, forced miscarriages of “undesirables” Eye color experiments