The 1916 Rising.

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Presentation transcript:

The 1916 Rising

Intro Home Rule had been postponed indefinitely WW1 raging most unionists had volunteered in Br army Irish nationalists split HR leader Redmond wanted them to fight Eoin McNeill and Arthur Griffith disagreed.

Planning a rising 1915 - Sean McDermott and Clarke ‘England’s difficulty is Ireland’s opportunity’ Aim? To plan a rising Military council set up in IRB decided to attack Br forces in Dublin wanted Ireland to be a Republic

The planners IRB planned a rising Military council members were Pearse, Clarke, McDermott Pearse - irish school teacher wanted irish as national language believed the only way to do this was... ...with an independent republic James Connolly invited to join why? He was planning a rebellion with Irish Citizen Army a socialist - wanted worker’s rights

Getting weapons Roger Casement - Germany - guns Why Germany? rising planned for Easter casement’s ship - the aud - captured

Misleading MacNeill IRB needed the 11,000 strong Irish Volunteers its leader Eoin MacNeil Didn’t know about IRB plans IRB forged document Claimed the Br govt planned to arrest the volunteer leaders MacNeil shocked told volunteers to plan Rebelli

Setbacks to rising MacNeill found out document fake cancelled plans for fighting published cancellation in papers any hope of nationwide rising ended casement’s ship captured so, few weapons

Blood sacrifice the IRB realized Rising was doomed Patrick Pearse was the leader They knew they would fail But decided to go ahead on Easter Monday Why? Idea of the blood sacrifice to inspire others to fight

Pearse

Rising begins Easter Monday, 1916 IRB, volunteers and Irish Citizen Army 1500 men seized key buildings around city four courts, college of surgeons, Boland’s Mills and GPO

GPO Headquarters of the Rising Pearse read proclamation of the Irish Republic Citizens were puzzled british taken by surprise sent replacements to city

British Attack 6,000 soldiers in city gun ship, the Helga, up Liffey Shelled the GPO buildings damaged, people died So, on Saturday Pearse surrendered

Why did the Rising fail? 1. No countrywide rebellion, ...so Br could concentrate on attacking Dublin 2. Rebels had few weapons... because Aud captured 3. Rebels heavily outnumbered by Br soldiers

Effects of rising irish republic annoyed at rebels because of description and destruction so had no sympathy for them more Br soldiers in ireland now 3,000 people arrested leaders of rising put on trial

Public opinion changes leaders of rising sentenced to death executed at Kilmainham Gaol 15 leaders executed Pearse and Clarke people began to sympathise with rebels admired the rebels’ bravery and cause

Kilmainham Jail

Wall where the Rising leaders were shot

Executions stop Br realized the change in public opinion stopped the executions remainder of revels sent to internment camps would be released within a yr but the damage was done pearse’s ‘blood sacrifice’ had worked

Long-term effects of rising 1. Irish people would not be satisfied with HR anymore now people wanted full independence

Effects (2) 2. Sinn Fein became v popular Br govt blamed Rising on Sinn Fein Even though Arthur Griffith had nothing to do with it Sinn Fein would replace HR party and become the main political party in ireland the rising is a turning pt in irish history

Sinn Fein set up by Arthur Griffith in 1905 not satisfied with Hr wanted to achieve independence by peaceful means promised if elected not to send any MPs to Westminster would set up a govt in Dublin instead but not popular before 1916 why? Most people wanted HR then

After Rising Br called it a ‘Sinn Fein rebellion’ even though SF didn’t take part in Rising made SF v popular in ireland the heroes of the Rising left alive were part of SF eg Michael Collins and de Valery in 1917 they were released from internment

New leadership Griffith resigned leadership in 1917 replaced by de Valery their two aims stayed the same 1. Set up a republic, independent from Br 2. Set up a parliament in Dublin, independent of Westminster

Popularity grows Br planned to introduce conscription in ireland what is conscription? all irish parties hated the idea but SF got credit for Br dropping the idea became even more popular

1918 General Election 1st election after WW1 SF won many seats crushed HR party HR party were now extinct SF and the Unionists main parties from ireland but SF didn’t intend to sit in Westminster!