Chapter 1 Introduction.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1 Chapter 3: Network Protocols and Communications Introduction to Networks.
Advertisements

Chapter 1 1.  Introduction to Networking  Fundamental Network Characteristics  Type and Sizes of Networks  Network Performance issues and Concepts.
EEC-484/584 Computer Networks Lecture 3 Wenbing Zhao
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 1 Introduction.
Networking Standards. Objectives Identify organizations that set standards for networking.
McGraw-Hill © ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 1 Introduction.
StandardsDIS W4 RJK1 Distributed Information Systems Standards Bob Kummerfeld Department of Computer Science.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 expanded by Jozef Goetz Overview of Data Communications and Networking PART I.
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1 Chapter 3: Network Protocols and Communications Introduction to Networks.
Management of the Internet
1 CS 4396 Computer Networks Lab The Internet. 2 A Definition On October 24, 1995, the FNC unanimously passed a resolution defining the term Internet.
1 The Internet Introductory material. An overview lecture that covers Internet related topics, including a definition of the Internet, an overview of its.
1.1 Chapter 1 Introduction Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Data Communications, Kwangwoon University1-1 Data Communications 담당교수 : 정광수 교재 : Data Communications and Networking Behrouz.
Chapter 1 Introduction.
McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Overview of Data Communications and Networking PART I.
Chapter 1 1.  Introduction to Networking  Fundamental Network Characteristics  Type and Sizes of Networks  Network Performance issues and Concepts.
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1 Chapter 3: Network Protocols and Communications Introduction to Networks.
Chapter Objectives After completing this chapter you will be able to: Describe the history of TCP/IP Describe the history of the Internet Outline the different.
Presentation_ID 1 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Confidential Chapter 3: Network Protocols and Communications.
Chapter 1. Introduction. By Sanghyun Ahn, Deot. Of Computer Science and Statistics, University of Seoul A Brief Networking History §Internet – started.
1.1 Chapter 1 Introduction Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Chapter 1 Introduction.
Network Standards By Rashid Amin. “A standard provides a model for development that makes it possible for a product to work regardless of the individual.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Overview of Data Communications and Networking PART I.
Chapter 1. Introduction 1.Data communications 2.Networks 3.The Internet 4.Protocols and standards.
Spring 2005Data Communications, Kwangwoon University1-1 Chapter 1. Introduction 1.Data communications 2.Networks 3.The Internet 4.Protocols and standards.
1 The Internet Introductory material. An overview lecture that covers Internet related topics, including a definition of the Internet, an overview of its.
1 Kyung Hee University Chapter 1 Introduction. 2 Kyung Hee University 1.1 History of Internet o Internet (not internet) o ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 1 Introduction.
Chapter 4Industrial Standards  4.0Introduction to Standards 4.0Introduction to Standards 4.0Introduction to Standards  4.1Standards Organisations in.
Standards in Telecommunications n Origin of standards – Standard setting bodies – Governments n Rationale – Market-driven and voluntary – Government-regulated.
1 Chapters 2 & 3 Computer Networking Review – The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1 Chapter 1 Objectives Upon completion you will be able to: Introduction Understand the history of the Internet Understand the meaning.
Introduction. Data Communication Communication Communication Sharing information: Local & Remote Sharing information: Local & Remote Local Local Face.
Chapter 1. Introduction. 1. DATA COMMUNICATIONS Telecommunication: communication at a distance Data: information presented in whatever form is agreed.
Internet and Intranet Fundamentals Class 3 Session B.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1 Chapter 1 Objectives Upon completion you will be able to: Introduction Understand how the Internet came into being Understand the.
When we communicate, we are sharing information. This sharing can be local or remote. Between individuals, local communication usually occurs face to face,
1 The Internet Introductory material. An overview lecture that covers Internet related topics, including a definition of the Internet, an overview of its.
1 The Internet Introductory material. An overview lecture that covers Internet related topics, including a definition of the Internet, an overview of its.
Presented By Adil Khan Hussain Ahmed Sajjad Ahmed Noman Hassan Shazil Mahmood.
Internet Technology & Network Management Lecture # 01 Information Technology Lucky Sharma Subject Code: IT 603.
1 Mi-Jung Choi Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction.
McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Lecture 3 : Network Architectures 1.
Chapter 3: Network Protocols and Communications
Standards in Telecommunications
Chapter 1 Introduction.
1. Introduction.
Chapter 3: Network Protocols and Communications
Data Communications, Kwangwoon University
Behrouz A. Forouzan TCP/IP Protocol Suite, 3rd Ed.
Introduction Objectives Chapter 1 Upon completion you will be able to:
Introduction Objectives Chapter 1 Upon completion you will be able to:
PROTOCOLS PROTOCOLS.
Rick Graziani Cabrillo College Fall 2015
Chapter 1 Introduction.
ET3003 Computer Networks For Electrical Power EngineeringStudents
Chapter 1 Introduction.
Chapter 1 Introduction TCP/IP Protocol Suite
DATA COMMUNICATION Lecture-4.
Chapter 1. Introduction Data Communications
The Creation of the Internet and its Development.
Introduction to TCP/IP
The Internet Introductory material.
Chapter 1 Introduction.
Module 1: Introduction Data Communication Networks
Introduction Prof. Choong Seon HONG.
School of Computer Science and Engineering Pusan National University
Part I. Overview of Data Communications and Networking
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 History of Internet Internet (not internet) ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency: ARPA) – mid-1960s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in the DOD : presented ideas of ARPANET, 1967 Reality : 1969 (UCLA, UCSB, SRI, U of Utah) Birth of Internet : in 1972 Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn : Internetting Project TCP/IP : A paper by Cerf and Kahn in 1973 In 1983, TCP/IP became to official protocol for the ARPANET MILNET : in 1983 CSNET, NSFNET, ANSNET, …

Internet Today 1969. Four-node ARPANET established. 1970. ARPA hosts implement NCP. 1973. Development of TCP/IP suite begins. 1977. An internet tested using TCP/IP. 1978. UNIX distributed to academic sites. 1983. TCP/IP becomes the official protocol 1983. MILNET was born. 1986. NSFNET established. 1990. ARPANET replaced by NSFNET 1991. WWW by CERN 1995. NSFNET became a research network. 1995. ISPs started 2005. UCC

Internet Today (cont’d)

1.2 Protocols and Standard Communication in computer networks ~ occurs between entities in different systems Entity ~ is anything capable of sending or receiving information 프로토콜(Protocol) ~ is a set of rules that govern data communication

Protocol & Standards (cont’d) 주요 요소 문법 (Syntax) ~ refers to the structure or format of the data, meaning the order in which they are presented. 의미론 (Semantics) ~ refers to the meaning of each section of bits. 타이밍 (Timing) ~ refers to two characteristics (when data should be sent and how fast it can be sent)

Standards Standards De facto De jure (by fact) (by law) ~ are essential in creating and maintaining an open and competitive market for equipment manufactures and in guaranteeing national and international interoperability of data and communications technology and processes. Standards De facto (by fact) De jure (by law)

1.3 Standards Organizations (표준화 기구) Standard Creation Committees ISO (The International Standard Organization) ~ created in 1947 ~ voluntary organization ~ is an organization dedicated to worldwide agreement on international standards in a variety of fields (scientific, technological, economic activity)

Standards Organizations (cont’d) ITU-T(International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications Standards Sector) ~ is an international standards organization related to the United Nations that develops standards for telecommunications. Two popular standards developed by ITU-T are the V series (data transmission over phone lines) and the X series (transmission over public digital networks)

Standards Organizations (cont’d) ANSI (American National Standard Institute) ~ is a nonprofit organization and is the U.S. voting representative to be both the ISO and the ITU-T IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) ~ is the largest national professional group involved in developing standards for computing, communication, electrical engineering, and electronics) EIA (Electronic Industries Association) ~ is an association of electronics manufactures in the United States. (EIA-232-D, EIA-530 standards)

Standards Organizations (cont’d) Forums ~ consist of representatives from corporation that test, evaluate and standardize new technologies. Frame Relay Forum ATM Forum and ATM consortium Regulatory agencies FCC (Federal Communications Commission) MIC (Ministry of Communication)

1.4 Internet Standards Internet standard is a thoroughly tested specification that is useful to and adhered by those who work with the Internet A specification begins as an Internet draft Working document with no official status and six-month life-time RFC (Request for Comment) Recommendation from Internet authorities

Maturity Levels

Maturity Levels (cont’d) Proposed Standard Is a specification that is stable, well understood, and of sufficient interest to the Internet community. Draft Standard Proposed is elevated to draft standard status after at least two successful independent and interoperable implementations With modification, normally becomes an Internet standard Internet Standard A draft standard reaches Internet standard status after demonstrations of successful Implementation

Maturity Levels (cont’d) Historic RFCs Superseded by later specifications or never passed the necessary maturity levels to become an Internet standard Experimental RFCs Not implemented in any functional Internet service Informational RFCs Containing general, historical, or tutorial information related to the Internet

Requirement Levels

Requirement Levels (cont’d) Required protocols (RFCs) Must be implemented by all Internet systems to achieve minimum conformance For example, IP and ICMP Recommended protocols Not required for minimum conformance; it is recommended because of its usefulness For example, FTP and Telnet Elective protocols Not required and not recommended; but a system can use it to its own benefit. Limited Use protocols Used only in limited situations; most of the experimental RFCs fall under this category Not Recommended Inappropriate for general use; normally a historic (obsolete) RFC may fall under this category

1.5 Internet Administration

1.5 Internet Administration (cont’d) Internet Society (ISOC) An international, nonprofit organization formed in 1992 Internet Architecture Board (IAB) Technical advisor to the ISOC Liaison between the Internet other standards organizations and forums Oversee the continuing development of the TCP/IP Protocol Suites Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) A forum of working groups managed by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) Eight Areas Applications Area General Area Internet Area Operations and Management Area Routing Area Security Area Transport Area User Services Area

1.5 Internet Administration (cont’d) Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) A forum of working groups managed by the Internet Research Steering Group (IRSG) Focusing on long-term research topics Network Information Center (NIC) Is responsible for collecting and distributing information about TCP/IP protocols