Presentation 5

Arabs & Israelis fight Over Land Arab vs. Jews Tension between two groups for a century There are many holy sites in this small piece of land for both Jews and Arabs Light green nations are Arab Countries Dark green nations have been in war with Israel Light blue country is Israel

Arabs vs. Israelis Israel was born in 1948 on land that Palestinian Arabs claimed as their own. Israel and its Arab neighbors fought three wars and Israel defeated Arab forces and gained more land. The Arabs failed to regain regions they had lost to Israel called occupied territories, or areas seized from Arab countries. Palestinians opposed Israel in occupied territories by mounting intifadas, or uprisings. Occupied Territories

PLO Occupied territories: The areas that Israel seized from Egypt, Jordan, and Syria and occupied in 1967, inhabited mainly by Palestinian Arabs By the 1960s, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was leading the Palestinian struggle against Israel. It was headed by Yasir Arafat. The PLO had deep support among Palestinians who fled or had been forced off their lands during the various wars. The PLO called for the destruction of Israel.

Palestine Liberation Organization PLO – Palestinian Liberation Organization. A political and paramilitary created in 1964. Viewed as the sole representative of the Palestinian people. Yasser Arafat was the 1st President of the Palestinian National Authority (PLO) from January 20th, 1996 to November 11th, 2004. Abbas has been the Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since 11 November 2004 and became President of the Palestinian National Authority on 15 January 2005 on the Fatah. The Fatah is a major Palestinian political party and the largest faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).

Occupied Territories of Israel Who controls some of the different territories in Israel? -areas that Israel seized from Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. Palestine- occupies West Bank and Gaza Strip (white) As defined by Armistice of 1949. Hamas – Meaning “Islamic Resistance Movement”, a Palestinian political party which rules over the Gaza Strip. Has been classified as a Terrorist group by Israel since 1990’s. Israel- occupies Golan Heights (tan) Occupied since 1967

Arabs vs. Israelis (continued) Yasir Arafat Yasir Arafat and Mahmoud Abbas, leaders of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), and Yitzhak Rabin, Israeli Prime Minister in 1993, signed the Oslo Accord, a plan to give Palestinians limited self-rule under Palestinian authority. Israel occupied eastern Jerusalem where the Palestinians wanted their new capital to be. In 1994, Jordan’s King Hussein made peace with Israel. However, security issues between Israel and Syria remained. Mahmoud Abbas

King Hussein of Jordan King Hussein Bin Talal– was the king of Jordan and led Jordan through the Cold War and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Recognized (sided with) Israel in 1994 Died Feb. 7th 1999 In the Six day war he took on Palestinian refugees fleeing Israel They set up their own Gov. Sept. 1970 He ordered the Palestinians to leave forcibly ( This month was known as Black September)

Arabs vs. Israelis (continued) In 2000, radical Palestinian groups such as Hamas stepped up terrorist attacks, vowing to destroy Israel. Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon demanded Arafat’s removal as head of the Palestinian Authority for failing to prevent these attacks. Palestinian suicide bombings brought fear and bitterness on both sides. Ariel Sharon

Jerusalem Jerusalem is sacred to the three great monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. This means it is sacred to more than a third of the world's population. The city of Jerusalem

Key Terms Occupied Territories: West Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights, Sinai Peninsula Yasir Arafat: Former PLO Chairman, Nobel Prize Recipient, Made Great Movement Toward Peace Intifada: Resistance/Rebellion Yitzhak Rabin: Former Prime Minister of Israel, Recipient of Nobel Prize, Assassinated Jerusalem: Holy City in Israel Militia: Military Force Made Up of Ordinary Citizens Druze: Religious Community Found in the Middle East-Emerged from Islam Mahmoud Abbas: Current PLO Chairman Ariel Sharon: Former Prime Minister and Commander of Israeli Army Yom Kippur: Holy Day for Jewish in the Fall, Day of Atonement, Major Attack of the Jewish on this Day PLO: Palestine Liberation Organization King Hussein: Former President of Jordan Beirut: Capital of Lebanon