Bell Ringer 1/20 Consumer rationing was used during World War I as a way to   (1) increase exploration for natural resources (2) limit supplies of weapons to American allies (3) draft men into the armed forces (4) ensure that the military had essential materials

Hoovervilles Make-shift shantytowns of tents and shacks built on public land. Named Hoovervilles to mock the President. NYC Central Park Seattle Hooverville

Bonus Army -Veterans of WW1 were set to receive a payment for service in 1945 but in 1931 many needed the money now. -June 1932 20,000 Veterans march on Washington setting up camp. -House of representatives approves payment, Senate does not, many marches left others stayed to continue protest. -Protest was broken up by the Army under General MacArthur, many injured. - This tarnished Hoovers reputation even more, any chance of reelection in 1932 ended.

1932 Election -Hoover (R) incumbent vs. Franklin Delano Roosevelt (D). -Two had very different approaches to bringing an end to the Great Depression. FDR wins election by a huge margin, received 7 million more popular votes. Roosevelt years saw the beginning of many programs that changed the role of the government in American society.

The New Deal Program *The 3 R’s* Roosevelt wins 1932 election. Roosevelt’s program to combat the problems had the following goals: Relief for those people who were suffering Recovery for the economy, so it would grow Reform measures to avoid future depression

Bank Holiday -March 5th, 1933 FDR orders all banks to close for the next 4 days. -Congress passes Emergency Banking Act that allows government inspect the financial health of all banks. -Government inspectors found that most banks were healthy. -This helped Americans regain confidence in the banking system. FDIC created in insure bank deposits.

Bell Ringer 1/23 In the 1930’s, the enactment of New Deal programs demonstrated a belief that 1)corporations were best left to operate without government interference 2)state governments should give up control over commerce inside their states 3)the Federal Government must concern itself with the people’s economic well-being 4)the United States Constitution was not relevant to 20th-century life

Public Works Programs -FDR urged congress to put federal money to several projects to build and improve public facilities. -(Civil Works Administration) CWA- gave money to improving roads, parks, airports. -(Civilian Conservation Corps) CCC- gave jobs to people for restoration and maintaining forests, beaches, and parks.

Public Works Programs -Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)- helped farmers and created jobs in one of the country’s least developed regions by reactivating a hydroelectric power facility. -Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)- Attempted to raise farm prices by paying farmers to grow less crops. -New Deal Programs increased the national debt from $461 Million in 1932 to $4.4 Billion by 1936.

Social Security Act Passed in 1935, set up a pension system for retirees and established unemployment insurance for workers who lost their jobs. Created insurance for victims of work elated accidents and aid to disabled people. Helps provide basic economic security for millions still today.

Wagner Act 1935 -Also known as the National Labor Relations Act. -Called for collective bargaining and outlawed spying on union activities and blacklisting. -Fair Labor Act of 1938 banned child labor and established a minimum wage for all workers covered under the act.

The Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937 In an effort to “influence” Supreme Court decisions regarding the New Deal, FDR attempted to add six new judges to the Court that favored the New Deal legislation.

This bill does not pass. Checks and balances stay in tact.

Lasting New Deal Achievements Between 1933 to 1940 the national debt rose from $21 billion to $43 Billion. Many bridges, dams, tunnels, public buildings, and hospitals built still stand today. FDIC and SEC still overseeing banking and stock exchange. Social Security