BELLWORK 3/29: WWI Naval Warfare “On the Seas” (525) Why did Britain need control of the seas? Why did Germany want control of the seas? What is a naval blockade? Why did Britain use it? Was it successful? “Submarine Warfare” (527) What is submarine warfare? Why did Germany use it? Was it successful? How did Germany’s use of U-Boats affect their relationship with the U.S.?

U.S. Involvement in WWI From neutrality to war

German U-Boats German U-Boats, or submarines, were used to attack enemy ships. Submarine Warfare: blockade a country and attack any ship that was thought to be carrying war supplies. By 1915, Germany was attacking civilian, commercial and war ships.

German U-Boats President Wilson issued an ultimatum to the German government in 1915: “Germany will be held responsible for the loss of American lives or damage to American ships.”

U.S. Neutrality Why would President Wilson maintain neutrality? How did the U.S. benefit from staying neutral?

Lusitania May 7, 1915 – German submarine attacked the Lusitania, a British passenger ship. The Germans believed the ship was secretly carrying weapons to Britain. Killed 1,000 people, including 128 Americans. Wilson struggles to maintain neutrality  issues a warning and ultimatum to Germany

Although President Wilson viewed this event as a direct attack on America, he didn’t declare war until two years later. Why? Why did the U.S. continue neutrality even though they had been attacked?

Zimmerman Note In January 1917, Arthur Zimmerman, a German official, proposed a deal with Mexico. Mexico should ally itself with Germany to attack the U.S. In return, Mexico would receive land lost to the U.S. in 1848. A British official intercepted Zimmerman’s telegram and spread the news to the U.S.

U.S. Declares War In 1917, Germany sunk four more American merchant ships. On April 2, 1917 President Wilson declared war on the Central Powers. Wilson called upon Americans to help “make the world safe for democracy.” How do you think the U.S. entering WWI is going to change the balance of power?

CLOSURE REVIEW In your notes, create a flow chart explaining the steps towards American entrance into WWI. 1. 1914 - Wilson proclaims neutrality, but aides Allies 2. 1915 -Germany starts submarine warfare  sinks Lusitania 3. 1915 – Wilson issues ultimatum to Germany 4. 1917 – Zimmerman Note 5. 1917 - Germany sinks four more American merchant ships 6. 1917 - U.S. declares war

America at War Video!

What was going on in the Eastern Front?? Russia, Austria-Hungary, Ottomans After Russia mobilized quickly, Germany had to divert troops East Limited success Pattern  Russians could defeat Austrians, but not the Germans, and Germans had to keep coming to aide of Austrians Russia’s position worsened once Turkey joined (cut main supply route through the Dardanelles)  Lost land greater than France  downfall!

Intro to Russian Revolution Just as the U.S. became involved in WWI, Russia will withdrawal from the war. In order to learn more about what happened to Russia……Read pgs. 532-535 and complete the front page of the Russian Revolution worksheet. This is a key event in war and a major turning point in Western-Russian relations, so make sure you read and understand it!