Unit 1 Federalist Period Washington’s Administration

George Washington and his influence on the New Government

Washington’s Cabinet Washington was elected president in 1789 John Adams was elected Vice President Washington and Adams were the only members of the executive branch Washington used his position as the first president to CREATE the executive branch

The Cabinet Makes up the various branches of the Executive Branch The Members of the Cabinet acts as advisors to the President

The First U.S. Cabinet Attorney General Edmund Randolph The Country’s Chief Legal Officer Legal Advisor to the President

The First U.S. Cabinet Secretary of War Henry Knox In charge of The War Department Chief Military advisor to the President

The First U.S. Cabinet Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson In charge of the State Department President’s chief advisor on foreign affairs

Jefferson became one of Washington’s harshest critics

WHY ?????

Jefferson was an Anti-Federalist He distrusted the new strong central government

The First U.S. Cabinet Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton In charge of the Treasury Department Chief Financial advisor to the President

The Nation’s Capital Located in the South (deal to get support for Hamilton’s Financial Plan) Located on a ten mile stretch of land along the Potomac river Called the District of Columbia Built along the Virginia and Maryland border

The Nation’s Capital Land was surveyed by Benjamin Banneker, and African-American mathematician French artist and architect Pierre-Charles L’ Enfant developed the plan for the city

Pierre-Charles L’ Enfant plan for Washington DC

Hamilton’s Financial Plan Goals Stabilize the U.S economy Stabilize the U.S. currency system Bring in much needed money to the new Federal Government Develop support for the new government Develop a policy that helped to support trade and industry

Hamilton’s Financial Plan The Tariff Act of 1789 The Federal Government Finances the Revolutionary War debt Create a National Bank The Whiskey Tax

The Tariff Act of 1789 Put a 5% tariff on all goods entering the country Made U.S. products more competitive with British goods Raised much needed revenue for the Federal Government

The Federal Government Finances the Revolutionary War debt U.S. Government promises to pay all money and bonuses owed Revolutionary War Soldiers U.S. Government announced that it would pay back all bonds at full value U.S. Government assumes ALL the war debts of the States

How does Hamilton plan on doing this???? By selling more bonds Hamilton Used DEBT to CEMENT the country together

People who bought bonds wanted to see the new government succeed Those who already had bonds and were owed money wanted to see the Federal government succeed so they would get their money The states would support the Federal Government because they cleared their debt The People who bought the bonds now had a stake in the success of the NEW Federal Government

The Whiskey Tax Hamilton proposed and Congress passed a law place a 25% tax on all whiskey Farmers in Pennsylvania refused to pay the tax and started a revolt Washington took an army of 12,900 soldiers out Pennsylvania to put down the revolt

When Washington got there, the rebels had disappeared??? The show force was ALL the Federal Government needed to put down the rebellion This was the FIRST test of the power of the new Federal Government and it showed that the Federal Government could handle such problems

The First National Bank

Why Hamilton wanted the Bank? Federal Government could use the bank to handle government money The bank could lend money to finance new businesses The National Bank could print Bank Notes and regulate currency flow

Congress passed the bank Charter Act and Thomas Jefferson went CRAZY Jefferson said that Congress DID NOT have the power to create a Bank

Hamilton DISAGREED and argued that Congress did have the power to create a Bank

Both Hamilton and Jefferson stated that “necessary and proper” clause supported their point of view

The different Views Jefferson said that the Necessary and Proper Clause limited Congress’ power He was taking a narrow interpretation of the clause Hamilton said that the Necessary and Proper Clause expanded the power of Congress He was taking a broad interpretation of the clause

The different Views Jefferson is taking a STRICT Interpretation of the Constitution STRICT CONSTRUCTIONISM Hamilton is taking a LOOSE Interpretation of the Constitution LOOSE CONSTRUCTIONISM

Washington accepted Hamilton’s argument and sign the Bank Charter Act

Guess What This not the Last of the National Bank Issue

Federalist vs. Antifederalits Led by Alexander Hamilton John Jay and James Madison Believed in a strong central government weak state governments and supported the Constitution Backed policies that supported business interests Back a strong military Support policies friendly to England Wrote a series of articles called the Federalist Papers which argued in favor of supporting the new Constitution Felt that the new nation should build its' economy on business and industry Led by Thomas Jefferson Believed in a weak central government and strong state governments Backed policies that supported farmers Wanted a weak military Supported policies friendly towards France Felt that the new nation should be a nation of land owning farmers They would later call themselves the Democratic-Republicans Loose Constructionism Strict Constructionism