Date Session # Activity Page # Warm Up: Complete the Essential Evolution Vocab sheet at your desk, Date Session # Activity Page # 3/2 Essential Genetic Vocab 37 3/3,6 Disease Agents: Bacteria 38 Reproductive Potential of Bacteria 39 Disease Agent: Virus 40 Virus: How do……? 41 Evolution Test: Tues/Weds March 7 & 8 Review Session: Monday March 6 (8am and after school)

8.L.1 Understand the structure and hazards caused by agents of disease that effect living organisms. 8.L.1.1 Summarize the basic characteristics of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites relating to the spread, treatment and prevention of disease.

BACTERIA Structure Spread Treatment Prevention

Bacteria Structure Prokaryotic (no membrane enclosed nucleus) One chromosome Can live in variety of areas (hot, cold, acid, salty) Reproduce through binary fission (~mitosis) Can create endospores when conditions are rough

Bacteria Spread through… contaminated water (cholera and typhoid fever) food (botulism, E coli & salmonella food poisoning) air, when infected people sneeze or cough (tuberculosis-TB) animals (anthrax, cat scratch disease) touching infected people (strep throat) Harmless in one part of the body, they can be moved to another part and cause illness (E coli).

Treatment of bacterial disease…. Antibiotics Prevents cell wall formation Disrupts the proper functions of the bacterial cell Disinfectants kills cell wall and membrane Ex..Lysol, bleach Materials that Inhibit growth Soap Pasteurization: kills the bacteria, but endospores may still survive if not done properly UV radiation: destroy or mutate the genetic material

Prevention of bacterial disease Hygiene Properly cooking food Immunization

video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znnp-Ivj2ek Add two facts from the video to your notes

Reproductive Potential of Bacteria p39 Someone at your family picnic has left the chicken salad out….a type of bacteria in the salad reproduces in favorable conditions every 20 minutes……. 20

Reproductive Potential of Bacteria p3 Someone at your family picnic has left the chicken salad out….a type of bacteria in the salad reproduces in favorable conditions every 20 minutes……. 20 20 Someone put the potato salad in the fridge In these unfavorable conditions it reproduces every 60 minutes…….

Reproductive Potential of Bacteria p3 Someone at your family picnic has left the potato salad out….a type of bacteria in the salad reproduces in favorable conditions every 20 minutes……. Bacterial reproduction is exponential because it doubles its population with every generation. Chilling food slows bacterial growth, but it doesn’t stop it 20 20 40 80 160 320 640 1280 2560 5120 10240 80 Someone put the potato salad in the fridge In these unfavorable conditions it reproduces every 60 minutes…….

Formula to calculate reproductive potential of bacteria: 2 x Initial # of bacterial = total # of generations

VIRUS Characteristics Spread Treatment Prevention

Virus structure Contain DNA or RNA Have a protective protein coat Are not living Operate in a host cell, viruses cannot carry out life-sustaining functions or reproduce without a host Viruses cannot generate or store energy, are not producers or consumers. Viruses are cannot survive without living organisms Viral diseases are the most widespread illnesses in humans Hijackers…they use the cell’s processes and organelles to create more virus, eventually killing the cell.

Spread of viral diseases Airborne: carried in a water droplet via a sneeze or cough (chicken pox, measles, influenza, small pox…) Waterborne: spread when contaminated water is drank or food has been prepared with contaminated water (hepatitis A, gastroenteritis) Animals: person or animal is bitten and virus enters the wound (rabies, west nile, St. Louis encephalitis) Food-borne: infections are probably contracted by person-to-person contact, most probably via fecal soiled hand to mouth (hepatitis A, gastroenteritis)

Viral Invasion YouTube – Flu Attack! How a virus invades Add two pieces of new information from the video to your notes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ

Treatment of Viral Diseases There is a big difference between bacteria & viruses Antibiotic drugs usually kill bacteria, but they are not effective against viruses. In some cases, it may be difficult to determine whether bacteria or a virus is causing your symptoms. Many ailments – such as pneumonia, meningitis and diarrhea –can be caused by either type of microbe. Some viral illnesses can be treated with anti-viral medications (flu, shingles) Usually you must remain hydrated and treat the symptoms while your body’s immune system combats the disease.

Prevent the spread of a virus Get vaccinated What is a vaccine? A salt combined with a weakened or small part of the virus is injected into your muscle tissue, damaging the tissue and causing an immune response. Once antibodies reach the injured site, the virus is “noticed” and a full blown immune response to the virus occurs. You create antibodies against the virus. If you are infected with the same virus in the future, you will not become ill, your body already has antibodies against it.

Prevent the spread of a virus Get vaccinated Isolation of the sick Global monitoring

P41 I’m Sick, so what’s the difference? How do …… 1 Venn diagram…compare and contrast bacteria and viruses

How……2 How is a disease causing virus similar to a computer virus? Explain using analogy.

How do……3 …….vaccines protect an individual? Explain using complete sentences …….vaccines protect society? https://video.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=A0LEVvhpgb1Y.S0AUqwnnIlQ?p=take+part.com%2Fcontagion&fr=yhs-mozilla-001&fr2=piv-web&hspart=mozilla&hsimp=yhs-001&vm=r#id=1&vid=e230c45fcae4e0be02f48fbe70453c44&action=view